<p>Tōshijima is an inhabited island located in Ise Bay off the east coast of central Honshu, Japan. It is administered as part of the city of Toba in Mie Prefecture. It is the largest of the outlying islands of Toba.</p><br>
<p>The name of Tōshijima appears in early documents, such as the Man&#39;yōshū and Wamyō Ruijushō, and was a base for pirates led by Kuki Yoshitaka in the Sengoku period.</p><br>
<p>During the Meiji period, the island was made part of Tōshi District, which became part of Shima District from 1896. On November 1, 1954, the island became part of the city of Toba.</p><br>
<p>The economy of the island is based on commercial fishing, aquaculture and tourism.</p><br>
<p>Port of Momotori.JPGPort of Momotori</p><br>
<p>Port of Wagu.JPGPort of Wagu</p><br>
<p>Port of Tōshi.JPGPort of Tōshi</p><br>
<p>The Anson Grange No. 88 is a historic commercial building and Grange hall at 10 Elm Street in North Anson, Maine. With a construction history dating to 1849, it is North Anson&#39;s oldest commercial building, and the only one to survive a pair of fires that devastated the community in 1863 and 1913. Since 1906 it has served the local Grange chapter, and the community in general as a social venue. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Grange hall is a 2-1/2 story structure built in two stages. The front of the building, which was built first, is a brick structure, three bays wide and also three deep, with a granite foundation, while the rear section is a wood frame structure two bays deep, resting on a fieldstone foundation with granite caps. The building is set on a steep hillside overlooking the Carrabasset River, and has a full basement under about 2/3 of the full structure, which was originally used as a stable.</p><br>
<p>The interior has been completely altered from the building&#39;s original commercial orientation to provide facilities for the organizations that use it. These were substantially completed in 1905, and include a ticket window, kitchen, and large dining room, with an auditorium occupying most of the second floor. These alterations fairly seamlessly integrated the two portions of the building.</p><br>
<p>The front portion of the hall was built c. 1849 by Joseph Merry, who leased the premises to a dry goods merchant. In 1863 a fire swept through North Anson, destroying most of the village center but stopping just short of this building. In 1883 Merry sold the building to M. Steward, who operated a livery stable and harness operation. It was purchased by the recently-established No. 88 Grange in 1901, and was renovated to meet their needs over the next few years. The Grange has opened its hall to all manner of community organizations, as well as hosting private functions such as dances and weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Cochran–Rice Farm Complex, which included the Dr. Pierce&#39;s Pleasant Pellets Barn, is located in Cottage Grove, Oregon. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1991. The barn was demolished in 2012 following the expiration of a 20-year easement held by the local historical society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1852 John Cochran settled his Donation Land Claim near what is now Cottage Grove, Oregon. Cochrans land included 643 acres, but by 1902 Chochrans son, Robert Cochran, owned 23 acres, and this remaining acreage was deeded to Robert&#39;s daughter, Martha Rice.</p><br>
<p>At the time of NRHP listing in 1991, the property included a bungalow style house built in 1910, a garage built in 1989, a shed built in 1900, and a flattened, prairie style barn constructed in 1900. The farm complex included 2.5 remaining acres. The house, shed, and barn were listed as contributing resources in the historic site designation.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 the barn was painted with an advertisement for Dr. Pierce&#39;s Pleasant Pellets. Ray V. Pierce had sold patent medicines in an era prior to the Pure Food and Drug Act, and he relied upon barns and other easily noticed surfaces for low-cost advertising. In exchange for the advertisement, an owner might be compensated with a free coat of paint on a barn. The barn was repaired and repainted prior to NRHP listing.</p><br>
<h2>Barn demolition</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, new owner Doug Stout acquired the farm complex through foreclosure. At that time, the size of the property had decreased to 1.7 acres. Stout tried to sell the barn to anyone who would move it off his property. He also tried to sell the barn plus 1.3 acres. His attempts to sell the barn were unsuccessful, and in 2012 he demolished the barn.</p><br>
<p>The Cochran–Rice Farm Complex remains on the NRHP, although absent its historic barn with the advertisement, "For your liver, Dr. Pierce&#39;s Pleasant Pellets."</p><br>
<p>The East Weatogue Historic District is a 490 acre historic district in the town of Simsbury, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It then included 102 contributing buildings, 10 contributing sites, 11 contributing structures, and one other contributing object.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Simsbury was settled in the 17th century and incorporated in 1670. None of its early buildings survived the ravages of King Philip&#39;s War in 1676, and it was not resettled until the early 18th century. East Weatogue, located in the plains between the Farmington River to the west and a low mountain ridge to the east, is one of three early village settlements from that period. Three houses from the first map of the area (dated about 1730) are still standing. The area has remained largely agricultural, and its land use is still reflective of early methods of use. At that time, farmers built houses in a village cluster, and typically worked land that was nearby; this resulted in the present arrangement of the village.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly centered on the junction of East Weatogue Street and Hartford Road (Connecticut Route 185). Houses are set lining these two roads, having in a few instances grown into substantial farm complexes. Most of the principal buildings in the district are wood frame houses, between one and 2-1/2 stories in height. The largest single architectural style is the colonial-era Georgian style, which continued to be built here into the 19th century. There are smaller numbers of Federal and Greek Revival houses, and later Victorian and 20th styles appear in only a few instances.</p><br>
<p>The Mississippi Lofts and Adler Theatre is an apartment building and theater complex located in downtown Davenport, Iowa. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places by its original name, the Hotel Mississippi-RKO Orpheum Theater. The Hotel Mississippi was listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Hotel Mississippi-RKO Orpheum Theater</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Mississippi was the last large-scale hotel to be built in the third phase of hotel construction in downtown Davenport after the Davenport Hotel in 1909 and the Hotel Blackhawk in 1915. It was designed by A.S. Graven of Chicago. Henry Dreyfuss of New York City, who was an art consultant for the RKO chain, designed the theater&#39;s interior. The building is situated on the site that was occupied by the Davenport Block, a commercial block built by Col. George Davenport, one of the founders of the city of Davenport and its namesake. The developer, George Bechtel, was able secure the means for the construction of the hotel during the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The building opened in November 1931 with 200 guest rooms and 50 apartments. The ten story building is 119.51 feet (36.4 m) high. Businesses such as a coffee shop, drug store, a clothier, realtor, floral shop and a beauty salon have been housed on the first floor over the years. Eventually, the hotel became an apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The RKO Orpheum Theater was a 2,700-seat theater that was built at the same time as the hotel, which surrounds the theater to the south and west. It was Iowa&#39;s largest movie house. Beside movies, entertainers such as John Barrymore, Liberace, Ella Fitzgerald and Pearl Bailey performed in the theater live.</p><br>
<p>The hotel portion of the facility is a ten-story L-shaped brick and granite building. The verticality of the building is established by way of the vertically aligned windows that are separated by decorative panels. The Art Deco style is employed throughout the building, including the theater interior. Overall, the façade of the building is void of excessive ornamentation. However, the stylized geometry indicative of the Art Deco style is found on the horizontal banding that defines the tenth floor. Decorative terra cotta panels with a floral motif are also used to define the mezzanine level of the lower stories.</p><br>
<h2>Mississippi Lofts and Adler Theatre</h2><br>
<p>The building had deteriorated over the years and by the 1970s the RKO Orpheum was rarely being used. The last movie shown in the theater was on September 11, 1973. The Davenport Chamber of Commerce bought the theater and donated it to the RiverCenter For The Performing Arts, a non-profit group that was established to raise money to restore the theatre and operate it as a performing arts center. The theater restoration project lasted from 1985 to 1986. The project included restoring the original crystal and glass chandeliers, and rebuilding and reupholstering the original seats. New carpeting was reproduced in England using a roll of the original floral woolen carpeting that was found during the remodeling project. The renovated theater is a part of the adjacent convention center complex called the RiverCenter that opened in fall 1983. The convention center connects the Adler Theatre with the Blackhawk Hotel. The theater was renamed the Adler Theatre after E.P. Adler and his son Phillip D. Adler. They had been newspaper publishers and philanthropists in Davenport and the decision to rename the theater was based on a $1.3 million endowment from Lee Enterprises, the company they led.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the city of Davenport bought the hotel for $739,000 for the expansion of the Adler Theatre. The theater’s stage was expanded from a depth of 29 ft to 41 ft into what was the west wing of the hotel. The renovations also included a new loading dock, additional dressing rooms, improved sound and computerized rigging systems. Paul Westlake was the architect for the project. Besides Broadway touring companies the theater is home to the Quad City Symphony Orchestra, Opera Quad-Cities and Ballet Quad Cities.</p><br>
<p>At the same time as the theater was being renovated, the Mississippi Hotel was undergoing a $8.5 million renovation. The last tenants were moved out of the old hotel in 2004 and 56 new apartments were created primarily on the south side of the building. The project was completed in spring 2007. J&T Development LLC of Chicago was in charge of the renovation. In addition to creating new apartments, the lobby area was restored to its past appearance. The project restored its multi-colored terrazzo floors, Art Deco-style elevator doors and walnut and teak wood paneling. The loft manager’s office was created from the hotel’s former check-in desk.</p><br>
<p>In November 2010, a new marquee was installed above the main entrance of the theater. It replaced one that was installed in 1997. Plans call for a larger marquee to be installed at a later date.</p><br>
<p>The Forrest Block is an historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The architect of the Forrest Block was Frederick G. Clausen, and it was constructed in 1875 by John Forrest as a commercial block. Forrest was a capitalist who invested his financial resources in several buildings downtown. It is one of a number of large commercial buildings in Davenport that were designed in an elaborate Italianate style during the decade after the American Civil War. The building is designed to have retail businesses on the main floor and professional offices on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Over the course of its history, the building has housed small retail businesses, doctor’s offices, a billiards parlor, a tavern and an adult movie theater. It was also the location of the city’s YMCA organization in 1886. It also housed the post office and the Davenport Health Institute in 1890, the Tri-City Institute of Osteopathy, the Davenport Cooking School, and the Woodmen Hall in 1900. The second and third floors housed apartments in its more recent history. The building was called the Henley block for a while starting in 1910. The Forrest Block had not been occupied since the 1980s and was nearly torn down in 1991 to make way for a parking lot, but the city council blocked demolition because of protests by historic preservationists. Although it deteriorated over the years, the building remained structurally sound because when it was constructed it was “over-built” with extra floor bracing and other heavy-duty construction elements. The building’s owners in 1999 received a state grant to install a new roof that helped stabilize the building as well.</p><br>
<p>Highland Brothers bought the building for $130,000 in 2005. The following year they announced plans to convert the building into 10 luxury condominiums and commercial space on the first-floor. Work began on the renovation project, but soon ended. In 2009 the building was bought by Restoration St. Louis, who also owned the Blackhawk Hotel, which they were in the process of renovating at the time. They started renovating the Forrest Block building in March 2010. The $3.5 million renovation turned the building into 24 market rate apartments. Four of the units are live-and-work spaces. The building, which is 36,000 ft&sup2, was divided into one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments. Some of the apartments face an interior courtyard. The project was completed in January 2011. A rooftop garden was also added to the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Forrest Block is a three-story, brick structure built on a stone foundation. On the Brady Street elevation the building features a pavilion which projects from the façade. It contains oversized Roman arched windows and a segmented cornice.</p><br>
<p>Cerro de la Neblina , also known as Serra da Neblina in Brazil and Sierra de la Neblina in Venezuela, this is the highest mountain of the entire Guayana Shield.</p><br>
<p>The massif was first explored in 1954 by an American expedition led by Bassett Maguire that performed an aerial inspection and then climbed the massif&#39;s northwestern slopes. In January 1999, a group of carnivorous plant enthusiasts climbed Pico da Neblina following a 30 km hike up the previously unexplored northeastern ridge.</p><br>
<p>Cerro de la Neblina is sometimes referred to as the Neblina Massif, though this term may also encompass Cerro Aracamuni and Cerro Avispa (a grouping of mountains more precisely known as the Neblina–Aracamuni Massif). The Neblina–Aracamuni Massif has a total summit area of roughly 473 km&sup2; and an estimated slope area of 1,515 km&sup2, of which Cerro de la Neblina accounts for 235 km&sup2; and 857 km&sup2, respectively.</p><br>
<p>Throop Peak is a 9,142 ft peak of the San Gabriel Mountains, in the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument and Angeles National Forest, in Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<p>The high peak provides views of both the Mojave Desert and the Los Angeles Basin all the way to the ocean. The peak was named for Amos G. Throop, founder of Caltech, formerly called Throop College. The peak marks the northwestern boundary of the Sheep Mountain Wilderness.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>A trailhead for climbing Throop Peak is located at Dawson Saddle along the Angeles Crest Highway. The route goes through a forest of Jeffrey Pine, Sugar Pine, and the high elevation Lodgepole Pine with some White Fir.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Season</h2><br>
<p>The most popular seasons for climbing Throop Peak are Spring and Fall because of the cooler temperatures and easy accessibility.</p><br>
<p>Inish Turk Beg is a private island in Clew Bay, County Mayo on the west coast of Ireland. Between 2003 and 2013, it was owned by Nadim Sadek, an Irish-Egyptian marketing entrepreneur. The island is approximately 10 km by road from the towns of Newport and Westport, County Mayo, and 67 km from Ireland West Airport Knock.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Inish Turk Beg is one of the largest islands in Clew Bay. The holy mountain of Croagh Patrick stands to the south of the bay. To the north is the Nephin Beg mountain range. In the east are the County Mayo towns of Newport and Westport. To the west is Clare Island: the largest island in Clew Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On the west coast of Ireland, islands are often known by what could once be found on them (Inishbofin, for example, is "island of the white cow"). Historically the islands economy has been based on agriculture and the cultivation of livestock such as sheep, pigs, cattle, and potatoes. The raised potato rill (or drill) gives the land around Inish Turk Begs landscape a recognisable "rippled" appearance. Inish Turk Beg was also once host to a number of boat-builders.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the island was purchased by Nadim Sadek. Over the next decade, the entrepreneur invested in infrastructure including roads, jetties, sewage systems and utility buildings. He also used the island to launch a variety of business ventures including hospitality, smoked fish range, music recording, a Connemara Pony Stud, art residencies and a malt whiskey. In 2013, Sadek sold the island for €1,000,000 but kept the intellectual property rights to the business he established.</p><br>
<p>Barford Court is a care home operated by the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution and situated on the seafront in Hove, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. The building, completed in 1937, has had this function only since 1996; it was constructed by renowned cinema architect Robert Cromie as a private house for Ian Stuart Millar, an eccentric iron industry tycoon, who occupied it for only nine years. The large building later accommodated the Brighton and Hove School of Nursing, which for the first time brought together training provision for all local hospitals&#39; staff on one site. When the school moved away in 1989, the house spent several years on the market awaiting a buyer—and in steadily deteriorating structural condition—before being refurbished, extended, renamed and converted to its present use.</p><br>
<p>The building is distinctive and idiosyncratic in its layout, positioning, materials and architectural style. Many interior touches are reminiscent of interwar Art Deco cinema architecture, contrasting with the "austere" Neo-Georgian exterior. Handmade, specially commissioned bricks in an unusual purplish grey colour were used to build the house, which is surrounded by a high wall of the same material. The layout was designed to accommodate the motor-car at a time when they were uncommon, with garaging space integrated into the design of the ground floor. Several design motifs recur throughout, and high-quality internal fittings such as built-in furniture and an unusual staircase have been preserved. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance. The surrounding wall is also listed separately at Grade II.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hove originated as an agricultural hamlet on the English Channel coast west of the more important settlement of Brighton. It was surrounded by farmland used for grazing sheep. In response to Brightons rapid 18th- and 19th-century growth into one of Englands largest and most popular seaside resorts, Hove (whose population in 1825 was only 300, compared to more than 25,000 in Brighton) developed into a genteel, characterful residential town with spacious streets of large houses. The streets around Pembroke Crescent and Prince&#39;s Crescent, just north of the seafront, were typical examples: developed in the 1890s by prolific local architects Lainson & Sons and Clayton & Black in the Domestic Revival/Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>A site at the south end of Princes Crescent, facing the seafront road (Kingsway) and the sea, remained vacant until the 1930s. Ian Stuart Millar, an eccentric business magnate and occasional film director whose investments in the Tyneside steel and iron industries made him a millionaire in the early 20th century, moved to Hove and lived at Pembroke Crescent from 1923. In 1934, seeking a larger, custom-built house, he commissioned architect Robert Cromie to design one to his specifications. Cromie was in the middle of a prolific spell of cinema designing: he was responsible for nearly 40 in England during the 1920s and 1930s, including one at Denmark Villas in Hove.</p><br>
<p>Hove Council, the local governing body at the time, approved Cromie&#39;s plans on 8 March 1934, and building work started that year. giving a "drab" effect. Too many were ordered: the excess bricks were apparently buried near Hove railway station rather than reused, although the site has never been confirmed. The house was completed in 1937.</p><br>
<p>Cromie designed the house for the convenience of visitors arriving by car. The entrance faced north on to a courtyard; visitors would drive straight into it through a wide covered driveway from Princes Crescent (on the east side), and could park in multiple-occupancy garages separated by small brick columns. The roof of this approach was decorated with geometric patterns. Moreover, lights would come on automatically at night when a car arrived, and a fountain in the grounds would be activated. Such attention to motorists&#39; needs was uncommon so early in the history of motoring. Millar himself had his own chauffeur, who lived in a flat in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, Millar sold the house to Hove Hospital for £40,000 (£ in ). Its nurses had previously lived onsite, but Millars former home was converted into living quarters (under the name Hove General Hospital Annexe) and the newly vacant rooms at Sackville Road were converted into extra wards, nearly doubling the hospitals capacity. Another change of use came in 1963, when the area&#39;s three main hospitals—Brighton General, the Royal Sussex County and the Royal Alexandra—established a joint training school in the building. Until then, nurses had been trained in separate facilities at each hospital. The conversion cost £27,000 (£ in ).</p><br>
<p>The Brighton and Hove School of Nursing, as it was known, stayed at the Kingsway site until 1989, when a larger facility was opened at the University of Sussex campus. Brighton Health Authority, the owners at the time, tried to sell the building, but it stood empty and in a deteriorating state for more than four years. Proposals included moving Hove Museum into the building from its site at Brooker Hall, but only when the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution submitted a planning application (jointly with the Department of Health) for a care home was there any progress.</p><br>
<p>Under its street address of 157 Kingsway, Barford Court was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 14 October 1986. In February 2001, they were two of the 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Robert Cromie was Britains foremost cinema and theatre architect, and his design for Ian Stuart Millars house (variously described as "interesting", "sophisticated" and "curious") was influenced by his work on such buildings. In particular, the interior—whose elaborate flourishes and modern features contrast with the "austere" Neo-Georgian exterior—has much in common with the Art Deco style in which he usually worked.</p><br>
<p>The outside walls are built of thin handmade bricks imported from Italy, supported on a base of granite. They are laid in the Flemish bond pattern and are greyish-purple in colour. The hipped roof is laid with handmade tiles. The building was originally U-shaped with an open north side, although design firm Peter Currie Architects&#39; renovation work in 1994–96 added a single-storey range to form an enclosed courtyard. Other additions have hidden some of the original features, especially in the east (entrance) wing. Decorative elements and motifs on the exterior include geometric patterning on the driveway roof, two-tone brick courses in the courtyard walls, wooden doors with vertical ear-of-wheat carvings, gable ends and arched chimney-stacks. The two-storey house is set slightly below road level, which together with the high perimeter wall means that sea views are only possible from the top floor.</p><br>
<p>The south (garden) front has four bays with ranges of four, three, four and two windows respectively. These are the original sash windows with wooden frames, installed in the 1930s. There are also three dormer windows above. The second and fourth bays project slightly, forming first-floor balconies. On the north side, the front door (with a wheat-ear design, and again with a balcony above) faces the courtyard and some brick-bordered flowerbeds with automatic electric lights. Short columns (five on the west side and more, now hidden, on the east wing) separate the parking garages.</p><br>
<p>Cromie gave the interior up-to-date features such as inlaid lighting and underfloor heating, and themes such as two-tone colour schemes and wooden fixtures are found throughout. The ground floor has extensive areas of tiling in contrasting colours; most light fittings are partly of wood, and some have multiple branches; the doors are panelled with two-tone wood; some walls have hardwood panels; and pargeting, fluting and decorative mouldings are also visible. The staircase has an ornate chandelier, but its main point of interest is the unusual design of the balusters: a series of right-angled stepped blocks linked by four concentric quarter-circles of bronze. There are other bronze fixtures as well, and some marblework on the ground floor. A variety of built-in furniture also survives, despite the reordering of the interior to cater for the building&#39;s present use.</p><br>
<p>The Belozersky Bypass Canal  is a canal around the south-western part of Lake Beloye in Belozersky District of Vologda Oblast in north-western Russia. It connects Kovzha River to Sheksna River, and is part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway. The length of the canal is 66.8 km. The canal passes the town of Belozersk.</p><br>
<p>The first plans to dig a canal connecting the basins of the Neva and the Volga were developed in 1710 during the reign of Tsar Peter the Great. In the beginning of the 19th century, the system was actually constructed. It was open in 1810 and got the name of the Mariinsky Canal System. In particular, the waterway followed the Sheksna River, Lake Beloye, the Kovzha River, and the canal connected to the Vytegra River. However, Lake Beloye was an inconvenient piece due to frequent dangerous storms, and also because it was too shallow in the area close to the source of the Sheksna. These conditions often caused shipwrecks.</p><br>
<p>A number of proposals were submitted which aimed at resolving the problems. In particular, construction of artificial islands was suggested. Mercant Stolbikov from Belozersk obtained a concession to tow the boats over the lake in bad weather. These menas, however, proved to be inefficient, and Belozersk merchants asked Tsar Alexander I for a permission to build a bypass canal. The permission was obtained and the works started but were never completed.</p><br>
<p>In 1830s, merchants asked for permission again, and the construction started in 1843. The level of the canal was 13 ft higher than the level of the Sheksna entrance and 6 ft higher than the level of the Kovzha entrance. The construction was completed in 1846.</p><br>
<p>The eastern entrance to the canal was several kilometers downstream of the village of Krokhino, and thus Krokhino, which was previously one of the main navigation hubs, suddenly was left off the waterway. The population of Belozersk also suffered losses from the opening of the canal, since the boatsman skills and knowledge of the bottom of Lake Beloye were not need anymore.</p><br>
<p>Generally, however, the construction of the canal was a great ecenomic success, and by 1870 70% of the total amount of water goods transportation was along the Mariinsky Canal System. The canal was reconstructed in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Hatfield House is a historic house in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built as a suburban villa in 1760, in what is now the Nicetown neighborhood of the city. It operated as Catherine Mallon&#39;s Boarding School for Girls from 1806 to 1824. William J. Hay was the next owner, and made major Greek Revival-style alterations &ndash; including the addition of the unusual 5-column temple portico &ndash; in 1838. Dr. Nathan L. Hatfield, of the University of Pennsylvania, bought it in 1854; his family owned it for 75 years.</p><br>
<p>The house appears on the 1843 Ellet Map of Philadelphia County, on the south side of Nicetown Road (Hunting Park Avenue), east of the Philadelphia and Germantown Rail Road and west of the Germantown and Perkiomen Turnpike (Germantown Avenue). By the 1855 Barnes Map, the city&#39;s street grid has been sketched in, although few of the streets yet existed. By 1862, a horse-drawn streetcar line passed a block east of the house.</p><br>
<p>Simon Gratz High School was built directly east of the house in 1925. Major Henry Reed Hatfield donated the house to Fairmount Park Commission in 1929. In 1930, the building was dismantled and moved one story at a time to its present site, 33rd Street and Girard Avenue. Architect Erling H. Pedersen, of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, managed the relocation.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972. It is currently leased as office space by the Father&#39;s Day Fund.</p><br>
<p>Randolph House is a historic mansion located in east Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The mansion was once owned by the Philadelphia surgeon Dr. Philip Syng Physick. His daughter Sally Randolph inherited the house upon his death, at which time it became known as the Randolph Mansion, or Randolph House. The house was renamed Laurel Hill Mansion in 1976 by the City of Philadelphia during the United States Bicentennial. The central portion of the house was built around 1767 in the Georgian style and expanded in the early 19th century with a one story addition on the south side. The octagonally-shaped Federal style addition on the north side was built in 1846.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Martín García was fought from 10 to 15 March 1814 between the forces of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata under the command of then-Lieutenant Colonel Guillermo Brown, and the royalist forces commanded by frigate captain Jacinto de Romarate, defending the region.</p><br>
<p>After a small naval engagement where the running aground of the leading revolutionary vessel gave the royalists a small victory, but suffering numerous casualties, the United Provinces troops took the island by assault forcing Romarate&#39;s squadron to retreat.</p><br>
<p>Browns victory divided the enemys forces, and secured the United Provinces control of access to the interior waterways, and made possible their advance on Montevideo. After the decisive victory at the Buceo engagement, they could also blockade the city to the open sea completing the land blockade by the army, causing the citys surrender.</p><br>
<h2>The conflict</h2><br>
<p>On 25 May 1810 the May Revolution in Buenos Aires deposed viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and established a local government known as the Primera Junta. Montevideo, at the eastern side of the Río de La Plata (the Banda Oriental, modern-day Uruguay), did not acknowledge their authority, and recognized instead the Cádiz Cortes established in Cádiz, Spain. This was resisted in the countryside around Montevideo, and the "Cry of Asencio" began the armed conflicts in the area. Montevideo was soon surrounded and sieged, by the militias under José Gervasio Artigas and Buenos Aires forces under José Rondeau.</p><br>
<p>Even with the city under siege from land, the royalist naval squadron maintained the naval supremacy over the waterways, the Río de la Plata and the Uruguay and Paraná rivers. The Montevidean squadron under Jacinto de Romarate destroyed the first flotilla from Buenos Aires, which went up the Paraná River carrying reinforcements to the Paraguay campaign, at the Battle of San Nicolás.</p><br>
<p>After that victory, Montevideo&#39;s naval forces could then establish a blockade of the port of Buenos Aires, effect a bombardment and avoid the fall of Montevideo.</p><br>
<p>After the failure of the armistice signed on 20 October 1811 between the First Triumvirate and the Viceroy Francisco Javier de Elío, on 20 October 1812, a second siege of Montevideo ensued. The tenacity of the defenders and their control of the surrounding rivers, and the lack of means for the attackers to beark this situation kept the front without major changes until 1814.</p><br>
<p>The dissent between the Buenos Aires troops and the local militias of Artigas, did not help the attackers situation. Even through this some expeditions were organized by the defenders to break out and obtain supplies, yet they failed, among them by the opposition of José de San Martín at the battle of San Lorenzo, and whatever little they obtained was not enough to cover Montevideos needs, who suffered hunger and diseases, especially scurvy.</p><br>
<h3>The second squadron</h3><br>
<p>On 5 November 1813, after the resignation of José Julián Pérez, Juan Larrea joined the Second Triumvirate in Buenos Aires, along with Gervasio Antonio de Posadas and Nicolás Rodríguez Peña.</p><br>
<p>The war situation was dire. General Manuel Belgrano was retreating to La Quiaca in the north, after the defeats at Vilcapugio and Ayohuma, Patria Vieja in Chile was being invaded by the forces of the Lima and due to internal conflicts was approaching the Disaster of Rancagua. Montevideo had an army bigger in numbers than the army that encircled them and there was no prospects of surrender as they controlled the access through the rivers and the sea and Artigas was joining a civil war by promoting the defection of the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes.</p><br>
<p>Larrea started to consider the formation of a new squadron to force the situation in the eastern front, but it was quickly learned that this was not possible. There were no naval forces in the provinces. They only had one sloop and the port&#39;s landing craft. The arsenal only had 30 cannons and carronades of different calibers and almost useless due to age and lack of maintenance, a few rifles and less than 200 quintals of gunpowder. Their warehouses lacked wood, tar, canvas, rope and marine tools. There was no trained personnel nor protocols for the recruiting and instruction of officers, sailors nor Marines. Finally, the treasury only had a thousand pesos, customs resources were minimal due to the blockade and credit was exhausted.</p><br>
<p>Larrea chose to promote an agreement with Guillermo Pío White, a wealthy American merchant native of Boston who was sympathetic to the revolutionary cause, who would front the funds necessary to finance the acquisition of vessels and equipment, with a promise of later compensation, tied to the success of the enterprise. On 28 December 1813 anm agreement was signed between the Triumviarte and White.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of 1814 the executive power was concentrated on the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Gervasio Antonio Posadas was named Supreme Director and Juan Larrea was named Economy Minister, which then maintained the agreement with White alive.</p><br>
<p>In only two months, a small squadron was formed and a crew readied, composed mostly by foreigners in officers and men, while the embarked troops were composed of locals.</p><br>
<p>The question of who would be in command generated a strong debate. The principal candidates were the American lieutenant colonel Benjamin Franklin Seaver, commander of the schooner Juliet, who was supported by his compatriot Pío White, the corsair Estanislao Courrande, who since 1803 harassed British commerce with corsair raids, and lastly the Irish Guillermo Brown.</p><br>
<p>Command was finally given to Brown, including Pío White&#39;s vote, in part for his strength of character, (all candidates had the necessary experience), but also because of his charisma over the commanders and sailors, most of them Irish, British or Scots.</p><br>
<h2>Previous encounters</h2><br>
<p>On 7 July 1813 a group of thirteen revolutionary soldiers under the command of lieutenant José Caparrós made a surprise and successful incursion in Martín García Island, at the time in royalists hands, and defended by 70 men.</p><br>
<p>The Río de la Plata was difficult to navigate due to the extensive sand banks which reduced navigation to small draft vessels forcing the use of the few existing open channels, subject to frequent changes due to sediment accumulation and the changing winds. Martín García island, controls the west channel, which due to its relative depth was the obligatory path for any vessel with a draft of no more than 2 or 3 meters, who wanted to reach the interior rivers flowing into the Río de la Plata, such as the Paraná or the Uruguay rivers, closed to the west by an extensive sand bank.</p><br>
<p>Facing the risk of losing control of the strategic island, and with the objective of gaining a base from which to attack the town of Colonia del Sacramento, occupied by the rebels, at the beginning of 1814 Romarate fortified the island and parked a flotilla of 9 vessels with 18 and 24 pounder artillery pieces.</p><br>
<p>Alarmed by the news of the formation of this new Buenos Aires fleet, it was proposed in Montevideo to attack Buenos Aires before it would become operational, but the speed of its formation thwarted the plan and had to be abandoned.</p><br>
<p>On the revolutionary side, after receiving his commission as commander, lieutenant colonel Brown started his campaign by sailing his small new fleet to Colonia del Sacramento (in today&#39;s Uruguay).</p><br>
<h2>The battle</h2><br>
<h3>The opposing forces</h3><br>
<p>The patriot forces had a merchant frigate named Hércules (350 tons), the corvette Zephyr, (220 tons),</p><br>
<p>brigantine Nancy (120 tons), schooner Juliet (150 tons), schooner Fortuna (90 tons), landing boat San Luis (15 tons), and sloop Nuestra Señora del Carmen (48 tons).</p><br>
<p>The royalist squadron was composed of the brigantines Belén (220 tons), Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu (181 tons), and Gálvez (90 tons), sloops Americana (60 tons) and Murciana (115 tons), gunboats Perla, Lima, and San Ramón (30 tons), plus four small support vessels.</p><br>
<p>Even though the number of vessels was in parity, the total of guns favored the rebel navy. With 91 cannons, 430 sailors and 234 troops in front of the 36 cannons (2 in a land battery) and 442 men of the royalists, the advantage was supposedly on the revolutionary side. Nonetheless, as a third of the force was concentrated on the lead ship Hércules, so the advantage was tied to its performance and luck.</p><br>
<h3>Battle disposition</h3><br>
<p>On the 8th Brown, in front of the town of Colonia with Hércules, Fortuna, San Luis and Carmen, saw three royalist brigantines to the northwest. He followed them until dusk, when having verified they were entering the Martín García channel and going to the island, he turned to Buenos Aires to look for reinforcements.</p><br>
<p>That same day at 8:00 pm the royalist squadron raised anchor at Martín García, to the west of the island. Romarate formed his ships in an east–west line, covering the channel from the anchorage in a semicircle, supported from land by a battery of two cannons and gunfire from the island&#39;s troops under midshipman José Benito de Azcuénaga.</p><br>
<p>On the 9th at 2:00 pm Brown joined with Zhepyr, Juliet and Nancy, then turned towards Martín García to meet the enemy. At 5:00pm the rebel squadron anchored on the channel about four leagues to the southwest of the royalists, with the Santa Ana bank to starboard. The 10th in the morning they raised sail on a light southeast wind converging to Romarate through both channels.</p><br>
<p>Brown&#39;s plan was attacking through the front and rear of the Spanish. he detached a division composed of Fortuna, Carmen and San Luis to go around the sandbank to the west to have it at its back and the royalists in his front while the principal force attacked the royalists front. Hércules was on the left, then Zephyr, Nancy and Juliet on the right.</p><br>
<h3>The encounter</h3><br>
<p>The attack was not simultaneous. At 1:30 pm, when the encirclement was not yet complete, Brown&#39;s squadron, with Juliet in front opened fire over the royalists which was immediately returned.</p><br>
<p>The Argentine lead ship attempted to advance under fire, but having lost her pilot, she got stuck on a sand bank on the west of the island, under fire and bows-on to the enemy, suffering sustained fire and not being able to return it, directing their broadsides to the land batteries. Brown questioned the way in which the rest of the squadron "conducted themselves during the action, even though having sent all the signals and having gone personally on my boat before midnight the night before and requested their support, all of which was in vain".</p><br>
<p>Having secured the front, Romarate sent the sloops Americana and Murciana, to the gunboat Perla and the Salvador&#39;s launch to confront the revolutionary division deployed on the north channel, which after a light exchange of fire retreated and joined the rest of the squadron. Combat continued until sundown, with Hércules taking the worst part.</p><br>
<p>In this first and most bloodiest first day of the Combate of Martín García, Romarate successfully repelled the enemys attack. They had 45 dead and 50 wounded and the attacking forces losses were high. Rebel Commanders Benjamin Seaver and Elias Smith, and also the chief of the embarked troops, the French captain Martín de Jaume, second lieutenant Robert Stacy, midshipman Edward Price, sailors Richard Brook and William Russell and cook Peter Brown were among the casualties.</p><br>
<p>Bernard Campbell, the chief surgeon, had very difficult moments having to treat the wounded with inadequate means. Among the wounded there were valet Tomas Richard and sailors James Stone, Henry Harris, Elsey Miller and Anthony O’Donnell.</p><br>
<p>At dawn on the 11th, fire recommenced at 8:45am, when finally Hércules with her sails and masts destroyed and with 82 impacts on the vessel finally loosened the grip of the sand bar with the tide and with only one sail left, could leave the channel and retreat by the Las Palmas sand bank.</p><br>
<p>At 5:00 pm on that day Romarate sent a note to the commander of the Montevideo garrison Miguel de la Sierra, informing he had few casualties, four dead and seven wounded, he had disembarked on the island and judged that given the losses suffered, as soon as the patriot fleet was in condition it would retreat to Buenos Aires, so he asked his commander for more powder and ammunition in all calibers, and urgent reinforcements to annihilate them before they could seek refuge in port.</p><br>
<p>Awaiting reinforcements Romarate disembarked two cannons under the command of ensign Francisco Paloma to reinforce the land forces. The commander of the land forces, José Benito de Azcuénaga, agreed with Romarate:.</p><br>
<p>Nonetheless Romarate had made a bad judgment. On the one side the Spanish squadron under frigate captain José Primo de Rivera y Ortiz de Pinedo was negligent and had not positioned his fores in case he would be required as defensive reinforcements, be it in the case of defeat, as support or victory, and the measures to be taken after Romarate&#39;s order was known were so lax that Romarate never received reinforcements nor supplies.</p><br>
<p>Also in contrast to what Romarate supposed, and showing in his adversary a completely different way of thinking, after the repairs done to Hércules and counting only with few reinforcements, 23 Dragoons and 23 marines from the 6th Regiment, with their officers, respectively Dragoon Ensign Gervasio Espinosa and sub-lieutenant Luis Antonio Frutos sent in the schooner Hope by the Commander of Colonia del Sacramento, Vicente Lima, under first lieutenant of the Buenos Aires Dragoon Regiment Pedro Oroná, and 17 militias from the town of Las Conchas, Brown resumed the attack.</p><br>
<h3>The assault</h3><br>
<p>Incapable of confronting the enemy head-on again, the Argentine commander changed his strategy. With the few reinforcements received he had an infantry force superior to the one defending the island. If he could attack by surprise and with sufficient speed before Romarate could disembark his troops and change the balance of forces, it was feasible to conquer the garrison.</p><br>
<p>With a lack of non-commissioned officers they decided to have the commanders meet to plan and coordinate the attack. Lieutenant Oroná was selected to command and decided to divide his forces in three divisions if 80 men. The first division was put under command of Regiment #2 Lieutenant Manuel José Balbastro, with his second in command Dragoon Ensign Gervasio Espinosa. The second was put under Regiment #2 lieutenant Manuel Castañer and 6th Regiment sub-lieutenant Luis Antonio Frutos, and the third under army lieutenant Jaime Kainey with Grenadiers sub-lieutenant Mariano Antonio Durán.</p><br>
<p>At 8:00 pm on the 14th they anchored silently a half-mile to the southeast near Puerto Viejo and at 02:30 am on the 15th they disembarked 240 men in 20 minutes, using 8 launches. Upon getting near the coast they received fire from a few enemy soldiers hiding in the bush who when fire was returned they scampered to the interior of the island.</p><br>
<p>With the landing secure, Brown took the squadron towards the royalists ships to simulate an attack as a diversion from the principal effort. The advance over land was detected and when climbing a hill overlooking the port they were fired upon by royalist troops. At the moment this attack was seen Brown&#39;s fleet started a cannonade from the west over the royalist squadron.</p><br>
<p>The attack, under enemy fire and in the run on a rough and ascending path, briefly stalled. In that critical moment they ordered the drum and bugle to play the Saint Patrick’s Day in the Morning march. The troops were composed of different nationalities with the majority being Irish, so this known piece, played a few days before Saint Patricks Day, raised the attackers morale. The song became the first naval march of Argentina.</p><br>
<p>Because of this event this song was made the official march of the island and was officially added to the Argentine Navys repertoire in 1977. The troops advance was renewed with great strength attacking the fort with bayonets. The Spaniards were overwhelmed and surrendered after about 20 minutes of combat, where lieutenant Jones of the Zhepyr captured the land battery, turned the cannons against the royalist ships and raised the United Provinces flag on the island. The victory was certified much later at the signing of the Treaty of the Río de la Plata and it Maritime Front.</p><br>
<p>The royalists had 10 dead, 7 wounded and 50 prisoners. The attackers casualties were three soldiers dead and five wounded. The commander of the force lieutenant Pedro Oroná and sub-lieutenant Pedro Aguilar were lightly wounded.</p><br>
<p>Romarate, lacking powder and ammunition had to remain on the side as witness to the enemy victory. The last skirmish was held on the dawn of the 15th when the sloop Carmen under Commander Spiro who had approached to spy in the night, run a few volleys of musket fire towards the enemy.</p><br>
<p>In a terse note, Brown communicated to Government Minister Larrea Only when in front of Montevideo, on 19 April the same year, he would extend on the details of the action and casualties suffered.</p><br>
<p>In that, his definitive combat report, Brown listed some of the casualties in the Hércules on the 10th and 11th. From officers and sailors: Captain Elias Smith, Third Lieutenant Robert Stacy, helmsman Antonio Castro, cabin boy Eduardo Price, first class sailors Ricardo Brook and Guillermo Russell, second class Francisco Guevara, Salomón Lyon, Felipe Rico, Lázaro Molina and Joaquín Uraqui, and cook Pedro Brown. Troops: Captain Jaime Martín de Jaume and soldiers Tomás Felisa, José Antonio Balija, José Herrera, Silvestre Murúa, Juan Olivera, Marcos Ávila, José Antonio Tolosa, José González.</p><br>
<h2>Consequences</h2><br>
<p>Not having received the supplies and reinforcements he requested, and knowing of the help promised by Fernando Otorgués, second of José Gervasio Artigas, who before the imminence of the end of the siege of Montevideo, which they had abandoned at the beginning of the year and confronted Carlos María de Alvear, Romarate took advantage of the winds which have veered from the southeast incrementing the rising tide, to escape by the sand banks, and was forced to hide by the end of the Uruguay River.</p><br>
<p>On the 25th following Larrea&#39;s orders, the prisoners were embarked, the houses on the island burned, and the remaining population evacuated. The squadron raised anchor and sailed, arriving on the 26th in Colonia, were the prisoners debarked. Brown, ignoring the orders from his superiors to chase Romarate, only detached a small division after him, supposing that Romarate was lacking powder and ammunition (which was true until the supplies came from Otorgués) and it was enough to assure his isolation; while the bulk of the naval squadron went to what he considered the big prize, the annihilation of the squadron defending Montevideo and taking the city.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Martín García was then the beginning of a campaign of 100 days which led by Brown ended Spain&#39;s naval power in the Río de la Plata and forced the surrender of their last bastion in Montevideo.</p><br>
<p>The Terry&#39;s Plain Historic District is a 325 acre historic district in the town of Simsbury, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The district is significant as a preserved rural landscape. It included 27 contributing buildings of various architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Federal and Late Victorian architecture, and 17 non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Thirteen houses that were parts of farm complexes and 14 agricultural outbuildings ranging from sheds to large tobacco barns.</p><br>
<p>Contributing sites include:</p><br>
<p>A field where the militia drilled in 1683 (or 1685)</p><br>
<p>24 Ferry Lane, barn from c. 1840, house non-contributing (see #2 in photos accompanying NRHP nomination)</p><br>
<p>Lucius D. Goodrich House, 36 Ferry Lane, c. 1836, Federal/Greek Revival</p><br>
<p>64 Terry&#39;s Plain Road, Late Victorian</p><br>
<h2>Traine Band (Militia)</h2><br>
<p>Simsbury was founded as a town in 1670. Not long thereafter, the town established a militia, then known as a "traine band". The date of establishment of the militia is not known, but records of assemblies date to 1673. The Grand Committee of the Militia met in Hartford on August 11, 1673 to organize militia against a potential attack by the enemy. The Committee ordered the raising of 500 "dragoones" from the state, of which 160 were to come from Hartford County. At that meeting, Simon Wolcott and John Griffin of Simsbury were appointed to command the Simsbury Traine Band, which at that time numbered seven "dragoones".</p><br>
<p>The Committee included the following order:</p><br>
<p>Two years later, John Griffin was confirmed as sergeant of the Traine Band and placed in command.</p><br>
<h2>First home and first ferry</h2><br>
<p>The first home in Simsbury was located in the Terry&#39;s Plain area. The land where the house would be built was granted in 1653 to Thomas Ford, although a house would not be built until approximately 1660, when Captain Aaron Cook, the son-in-law of Thomas Ford, built the first home in Simsbury.</p><br>
<p>In the same general area, a ferry was established to facilitate crossing of the Farmington River. The exact date of the origin of the Pent Street Ferry is not known, but a road to the ferry was commissioned in 1668.</p><br>
<h2>First school</h2><br>
<p>The first school in Simsbury was located in Terrys Plain. The town agreed, at a town meeting on December 17, 1701, to "agree with and appoint a school master". The first day of school commenced on the first day of January 1702. The town discussed whether the school should be located on the east or west side of the river,and chose both, with the first three months to be held at a location in Terrys Plain, and then at a location in "Weatoug" on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The Black Horse Tavern is an historic tavern on Searsport Avenue in Belfast, Maine. Built in 1795, it was the city&#39;s first tavern located on the eastern side of the Passagassawakeag River, and is a well-preserved example of vernacular Federal period architecture. The building, now a private residence, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building known in the 19th century as the Black Horse Tavern stands on the north side of Searsport Avenue (United States Route 1), near the mouth of the Passagassawakeag River and between Old Searsport Avenue and Stephenson Lane. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame Cape style house, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, central chimney, clapboard siding, and stone foundation. Its main facade faces roughly east, and the main entrance, located at the center, has no trim. A single-story ell, a 20th-century replacement for an older ell, extends to the north, with two gabled dormers projecting from the roof. The interior of the main house is well preserved, with wide pine wainscoting, large fireplaces in both front rooms, with simple vertical-board partitions in the rear. Original doors and frames are still generally in use.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1795 by Jerome Stephenson, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War who moved to Belfast in 1784. Stephenson was prominent in local civic affairs, serving as selectman in 1785. Although he built the house for his family, he converted it into a tavern in 1800, a role it fulfilled under is son and grandson, until about 1852. The sign used to identify the tavern is now stored in the house.</p><br>
<p>The Kettle Falls Hotel is a hotel that was built beginning in 1910 in what is now Voyageurs National Park on the Kabetogama Peninsula, at the juncture of Namakan and Rainy Lakes. The hotel was built to replace temporary lodgings, accommodating dam workers, loggers and tourists, and was finally completed about 1913. The hotel is known for its uneven floors.</p><br>
<p>The site was first patented as a homestead in 1910 by Ida May Winslow. The property passed to Minneapolis surgeon Frederick A. Dunsmoor, who in turn sold the land to William E. "Big Ed" Rose, a timberman, in 1913. Rose is reputed to have built the north-south wing of the hotel in 1913. Rose sold his Kettle Falls holdings to Robert Sloan Williams in 1918 for $1000 and four barrels of whiskey. Williams operated a hotel and nightclub in Ranier, Minnesota, with the Kettle Falls Hotel as a sideline. Williams had a number of run-ins with the law, charged with selling illegal whiskey in Ranier and Kettle Falls, and later operated stills and a smuggling operation. The hotel was electrified by 1935. An annex, called the "big house," was built behind the hotel in 1946. Bob Williams died in 1956; his widow Lil and step-son Charlie and his wife Blanche continued to run the hotel. Lil Williams died in 1961. The National Park Service acquired the hotel from the Williams family, who continued to operate it, in 1976. The hotel was extensively renovated in 1986-87.</p><br>
<p>The Kettle Falls Hotel is part of the Kettle Falls Historic District, which includes the surrounding neighborhood and the dam at the falls. The hotel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Bemis Eye Sanitarium Complex is a historic sanatorium complex located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York. The complex was built between about 1893 and 1902 and consists of eight contributing structures. There are five boarding houses built for the sanitarium, as well as two previously existing residences and a carriage house that were converted for sanitarium use in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Edward Herbert Bemis built the complex for the treatment of eye diseases. The sanitarium closed after his death in 1901.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>At least two of the buildings of the complex, on Sherman Avenue, were later re-purposed as the Sherman Square Apartments. These buildings suffered a severe fire on May 8, 2014. The interior was gutted, but the exterior was salvaged, and the apartment complex was expected to be eventually re-opened.</p><br>
<p>The Joubert and White Building is located at 77-79 Warren Street  in Glens Falls, New York. The property was acquired in 1864 to be the corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility for Joubert and White Company - manufacturers of high-grade buckboards. The building is located at the corner of Warren and Jay streets.</p><br>
<p>The Joubert and White Building is a three-story, flat-roofed, brick factory structure above a cut limestone foundation. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1864, after borrowing $50, Edward Joubert and J. Huyler White formed a partnership and began to develop a 18,000 ft&sup2; manufacturing building at what was then 45-47 Warren Street (now 77-79 Warren Street)</p><br>
<h2>Joubert and White Company</h2><br>
<p>Joubert and White began the manufacture of high-grade buckboards in Glens Falls in 1865. They were the innovators and inventors of a famous model that was known for its suspension system and was sought by many wealthy people here and abroad. Notable owners of the buckboard included Cornelius Vanderbilt, John Jacob Astor, J. Pierpont Morgan, Louis Tiffany, Spencer Trask, Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. A standard buckboard was constructed by running two planks of wood between the front and rear axles and mounting the passenger seat body on the planks. The only shock absorption was in the flexibility of the planks. When riding on the rough roads of their day, passengers felt like they were riding a bucking horse, hence the name. Joubert devised a way to attach two steel leaf springs, bowed upwards to the planks, with the passenger seat attached to the top of the springs. The seats moved vertically on the springs and also rocked forward and back, making for a more cushioned ride. In 1880, Joubert patented his suspension design in 1880. Some 50 carriage and sleigh models by Joubert and White were considered to be of superior quality. A good buggy would sell for $50 to $75, while the Joubert and White buckboard might cost $500 to $800 with some as high as $1000 or more if customized.</p><br>
<p>By 1897 the company had 35 employees, made 75 vehicles annually and reached $50,000 in sales. Joubert handled the manufacturing details for the firm before he died in 1890. White, who handled sales, kept the business and traveled the country as the "Buckboard King" taking mail orders by catalog. Production continued into the 20th century, only falling off with the coming of the gasoline-powered automobiles. When White died in 1916, the company went out of business with assets of $100,000, which were divided among the heirs of Joubert and White.</p><br>
<h2>Empire Automobile Company</h2><br>
<p>Starting in 1910, the Joubert and White Building also housed the Empire Automobile Company owned by D.H. Cowles and Frank M. Starbuck. Catering to the affluent of the Saratoga Springs, New York-Adirondack Mountains resort-touring season, Cowles and Starbuck provided an automobile storage and repair facility. Patrons had the opportunity to have their autos serviced overnight, before continuing via auto or carriage to their destinations in the Adirondacks. In 1933, Empire Automotive began to share their space with Comac Sales, Inc. - another automobile dealership. Empire Auto remained in business until 1935, dealing in such brands as Chevrolet, Cadillac, Essex, Hudson, and LaSalle automobiles, as well as GMC trucks.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and Rehabilitation</h2><br>
<p>After the closing of Empire Automobile Company, Comac Sales, Inc., a Chevrolet dealer, occupied the building until 1956 when it changed ownership and became Whiteman Chevrolet. Whiteman remained in the Joubet and White Building until 1957, when they moved to their current location on Dix Avenue in Glens Falls. The Joubert and White Building remained vacant until it was occupied by Campbell Wholesale Plumbing and Heating Corporation in 1960. The Joubert and White Building housed various businesses after the closing of Campbell in 1970, including Armando Candle Mill Inc., a Parts Plus auto part store, an H&R Block tax preparation store, and a martial arts studio, before then becoming warehouse space for Glen Street Associates in 2008. In 2011 the building was renovated and leased for commercial and residential use under the name Warren Street Square.</p><br>
<p>The Catalan Coastal Range  is a system of mountain ranges running parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System. Its main axis runs between the Foix River and the Roses Gulf and the average altitude is around 500 m. The highest point is 763 m at the Montnegre.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain ranges</h2><br>
<p>From North to South:</p><br>
<p>Montgrí</p><br>
<p>Gavarres</p><br>
<p>Massís de l&#39;Ardenya</p><br>
<p>Serra de Marina</p><br>
<p>Montnegre Massif</p><br>
<p>Serra del Corredor</p><br>
<p>Serra de Sant Mateu</p><br>
<p>Serra de la Conreria</p><br>
<p>Serra de Collserola</p><br>
<p>Massís del Garraf</p><br>
<p>Further south there are certain coastal mountain ranges like los Dedalts, Moles del Taix and Serra de la Mar in the Tivissa-Vandellòs Mountains and the Serra del Montsià that are included in the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range owing to the geological continuity with that range despite their seaside location.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>There are a few protected areas in the Catalan Coastal Range, like Parc Natural del Montnegre i el Corredor, Parc de Collserola and Parc Natural del Garraf.</p><br>
<p>At the same time though there are several areas subject to severe land degradation, owing mainly to stone quarrying, rubbish dumps and urban sprawl.</p><br>
<p>The Albert Spencer Wilcox Building, was originally a library and then converted to the Kauai Museum, which displays exhibits on the history of the island of Kauai in Hawaii.</p><br>
<h2>Library</h2><br>
<p>The first library on the island of Kauai was probably established by Reverend John Mortimer Lydgate in 1900 at his church in Līhuʻe. After moving to a temporary home in 1921, a permanent home was needed.</p><br>
<p>On February 3, 1922, Emma Kauikeolani Wilcox, widow of businessman and politician Albert Spencer Wilcox (1844–1919) offered US$75,000 for a public library on Kauai.</p><br>
<p>In October 1922 architect Hart Wood was selected to design the building named in honor of Wilcox.</p><br>
<p>Built with John Hansen as general contractor, it opened in 1924 to house the first public library on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>In April 1954 a committee started raising funds for a museum to be built next to the library.</p><br>
<p>Juliet Rice Wichman (1901–1987) was chair of the committee. A granddaughter of businessman and politician William Hyde Rice, she had married Frederick Warren Wichman after the death of her first husband Holbrook M. Goodale.</p><br>
<p>The new building was designed by architect Kenneth Roehrig and named for Rice.</p><br>
<p>Wichman became the museum&#39;s first director, and would later co-found the National Tropical Botanical Garden and donate land to become the Limahuli Garden and Preserve to the garden.</p><br>
<p>The first manager of the museum was Dora Jane Isenberg Cole (1917–1988), a second cousin of Wichman sharing great-grandfather William Harrison Rice (1813–1862) but Paul Isenberg (1837–1903) as her paternal grandfather.</p><br>
<p>On December 3, 1960, the museum opened to the public in the Rice building.</p><br>
<p>In 1969 the state of Hawaii built a new library building, and the Wilcox building was converted to house additional exhibits of the Kauai Museum, opening in December 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Wilcox building was listed as state historic site 30-11-9344 on February 17, 1979. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii on May 31, 1979 as site 79000760.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 4428 Rice Street, 21&deg;58&prime;29&Prime;N latitude, 159&deg;22&prime;6&Prime;W longitude in Līhuʻe.</p><br>
<h2>Family tree</h2><br>
<p>Glens Falls Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York. It was established in 1853 as a 13-acre cemetery and expanded in 1871, 1888, and five times between 1913 and 1973 to a total of 38 acres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1853, the village purchased 13 acres from Andrew Porteus of Queensbury, New York for the sum of $1000, with $500 set aside for grading and fencing. The first burial took place in 1855, but there are several older markers which were moved here from the old West Street Cemetery in the early 1870s.</p><br>
<p>After several expansions, the cemetery now spans 32 acres with over 12,000 burials.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Harry Elkes (1878–1903), bicycle racer who died during a race in 1903</p><br>
<p>Franklin Johndro (1835–1901), Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor</p><br>
<p>George Merrill (1847–1925), a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor</p><br>
<p>"Broncho Charlie" Miller, the last Pony Express rider, died in 1955, claiming to be 105 years old.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures</h2><br>
<p>The Memorial Chapel (1946) is a small, front gabled stone building with a slate roof. The cemetery office (1950) is a concrete stucco finished building with a peaked slate roof. The cemetery includes a number of notable burial monuments and mausoleum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Elias Abel House is a historic building in western Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Built in the Greek Revival style in 1845, it was once the grand home of one of Bloomington&#39;s leading citizens. After many years of use, it fell into disrepair and was endangered by the possibility of destruction, but restoration has led to its designation as a historic site due to its authentic period architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Elias Abel</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1800 in Wythe County, Virginia, Abel moved to the Bloomington vicinity in 1824 and began to farm. At this time, southwestern Indiana was very rural; Bloomington likely had no more than six hundred residents in 1824, but it was the most prosperous town in its region of the state. Between 1841 and 1862, he was active in local politics; he served multiple terms as the Monroe County treasurer, and he was elected to serve in the Indiana General Assembly from 1856 to 1857. After finishing his Bloomington house in 1845, Abel lived on the property until 1856; After residing elsewhere for four years, he purchased a nearby house now known as the Blair-Dunning House; in 1862, he sold it to the future wife of Paris C. Dunning, later Governor of Indiana. Into his old age, Abel continued to be both healthy and prominent in the community, keeping his reputation as one of Monroe County&#39;s leading Democrats into his mid-eighties.</p><br>
<h3>After Abel</h3><br>
<p>Following several decades of use as the residence of its owners, the house was converted into a rental property in 1923; it soon began to deteriorate due to a lack of necessary maintenance. During this time, the porch was expanded, the exterior was covered with poor-quality brown asphalt siding, and the original exterior woodwork deteriorated; by the late 1970s, both the original and the later elements were crumbling.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The structure of the house is typical of the design known as the "I-house" — its two stories are each divided into two rooms, one on each side. Such a plan is typical of the vernacular architecture of Monroe County in the middle of the nineteenth century: the areas early settlers generally favored the "I plan", finding it simple and sufficient for their needs without sacrificing elegance. Few such houses remain in a condition closely resembling their early years; despite the changes made to it, the Abel House has been named Bloomingtons best extant "I"-house.</p><br>
<p>Major structural elements of the house include a pitched roof made of composites and wooden eaves, a large basement with limestone walls and a fruit cellar, and multiple brick chimneys. During its history, the house has received two additions on its western (rear) side: a saltbox-style on the southwestern corner, and a simpler style on the northwestern corner. Individuals may enter the house through a central main entrance; flanked by two windows on each side, the door is surrounded by transoms that may include some original glass.</p><br>
<h3>Details</h3><br>
<p>The house has been ranked as a fine example of the popular version of the Greek Revival style of architecture. A frame structure two stories tall, the house was built with a small portico at the entrance; when it was later expanded to a large porch, almost all of the original portico was removed. Some original elements survived the modifications of the twentieth century; the most important of these are the pilasters on the corners of the house.</p><br>
<p>Inside, many more original elements survive than on the exterior. Significant among these are the rail, balusters, and steps of the main staircase, which are made of hand-planed cherry wood, and the mantel over the main fireplace. Other distinctive features include transoms over all interior doorways in the house&#39;s southern portion and a walnut log in the attic, which was a traditional element used to bring good luck to the house.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>A renaissance began for the Abel House in 1976, when the city of Bloomington designated it a historic site, thus preserving it from almost certain demolition; one year later, it was purchased by a couple who soon began to renovate it and applied for loans to aid in restoring it. In 1982, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture; key to its inclusion was its place as the citys best example of an "I"-house and as the home of one of the most prominent residents of early Bloomington. Fifteen years after the house was added to the Register, much of the citys west side was designated a historic district, the Bloomington West Side Historic District; the Abel House was named one of the most important of the district&#39;s hundreds of contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Three Squares Historic District is a national historic district located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York. It includes 75 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing object. It encompasses Glens Falls historic and contemporary commercial center. The buildings generally consist of brick commercial, office, and institutional structures between two and five stories in height. Because of devastating fires in 1862 and 1902, the majority of the buildings were built between 1902 and 1930. Notable buildings include the Italianate style Cowles block , Neoclassical style Rogers Building , Beaux-Arts style Empire Theater , and Neoclassical style Glens Falls City Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Applethorpe Farm is a historic farmstead in northeastern Ross County, Ohio, United States. Located along Whissler Road north of the unincorporated community of Hallsville,</p><br>
<p>By 1840, John Buchwalter, Jr. owned the property; in that year, he decided to construct a new farmhouse. Erecting an elaborate structure in the popular Greek Revival style, he built its two-story walls of brick with sandstone details. The house is generally a very symmetrical structure: the west-facing facade features an entrance in the central of five bays, and twin chimneys rise above each end of the structure. Among its most distinctively Greek Revival elements is the classical portico around the main entrance; it features a triple entablature with square columns, and the doors it shelters are heavy and constructed of multiple large components.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the Buchwalter house and the rest of Applethorpe Farm were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As well as the house, two agricultural outbuildings qualified as contributing properties within the area designated as historic. Key to the farm&#39;s recognition was the architecture of the farmhouse, which was seen as an exceptionally well-preserved example of the rural interpretation of the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Merrill-Magee House, also known as The Merrill Magee Inn, is a historic home located at Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. It was built in three phases: the original -story, Greek Revival–style farmhouse built about 1835; the 2-story main block with giant portico added about 1855; and the 1911 addition of a -story farmhouse, originally built in 1815, attached to the west end of the original dwelling. Also in 1911, a shed-roofed frame kitchen was added. Also on the property are a woodshed , ice house , smokehouse , carriage barn , garage / servant&#39;s quarters , swimming pool , chicken coop , and the landscaping. It has been used as a restaurant and inn since the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Marcella Sembrich Opera Museum, also known as The Sembrich and the Marcella Sembrich Memorial Studio, is a historic teaching studio located at Bolton Landing, Warren County, New York. It was built in 1922-24 as a teaching studio for New York Metropolitan Opera diva Marcella Sembrich . The studio building is a one story, rectangular, stucco walled wood frame building with a hipped roof and glassed in porches in the Spanish Revival style. Additional contributing features on the property are a bathhouse, curator&#39;s cottage, a lookout, stone retaining walls along the shoreline, stone walls, three piers flanking the entrance, wrought iron fencing and entrance gate, and landscape features. The property was converted to a museum shortly after the death of Marcella Sembrich in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Sembrich hosts summer concerts, lectures, films and performances.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Benton Grange No. 458 is an historic Grange hall at 29 River Road in Benton, Maine, USA. Built in 1915, it is one of the rural community&#39;s largest buildings, serving for many years as a social and civic venue for the towm. From 1915 to 1990 it housed the annual town meeting. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Benton Grange is located in the village center of the town, at the northeast corner of River Road and School Drive. It is a long rectangular two story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, clapboard siding, and a concrete block foundation. The narrow front facade is three bays wide, with a hip-roofed single-story porch extending across it, supported by bracketed turned posts in the Queen Anne style. Above the porch three sash windows are symmetrically placed, and there is a hip-roof dormer projecting from the roof above, adorned with a wooden panel identifying the building and its year of construction. The interior houses a lobby, with restrooms, cloakroom, and ticket booth, with a dining room behind, and a large auditorium on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Benton Grange was organized in 1906, and its early meetings were held in the local school, but had by 1910 decided to build a dedicated meeting hall. The present hall was built in 1915 to a design by Fairfield architect Frank M. Gifford. The hall continues to be a meeting and social venue for the community, and its Grange chapter continues to be active, despite a general decline in agricultural activities in the community.</p><br>
<p>The Garland Grange Hall is a historic Grange hall on Oliver Hill Road in Garland, Maine. Built in 1891, it is one of the finest 19th-century Grange halls in the state, exhibiting a combination of Greek Revival and Italianate features. It has served as a social center for the community since its construction. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Garland Grange Hall stands on the west side of Oliver Hill Road, in the rural communitys dispersed village center, a short way north of its junction with Maine State Route 94. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame building, with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and granite stone foundation. The buildings corners are finished with Greek Revival paneled pilasters, with paired Italianate brackets at the top, supporting a broad eave. The front (east-facing) facade is symmetrical, with a central entrance sheltered by a hood with Italianate brackets. Windows are six-over-six sash, except for the window in the gable, which is fixed and has a round-arch top. Beneath the overhanging edges of the roof is a band of decorative rosettes. The interior has retained original wooden finishes. It is laid out with a dining hall and kitchen on the ground floor, and an auditorium on the second floor. Original 19th-century tables and chairs remain in use.</p><br>
<p>The Patrons of Husbandry (more commonly called the Grange) was organized in Maine in 1873. The Garland Grange chapter was established the following year, and this hall was built by its members in 1891. It is one of the oldest Grange halls in the state to exhibit any significant degree of architectural sophistication, and exhibits a common thread of Maine&#39;s 19th century architecture, retaining older styles after they have passed out of fashion elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The Lakeside Grange No. 63 is a historic Grange hall on Main Street in Harrison, Maine. Built in 1905, it has served as a major community meeting space since then, notably surviving a 1907 fire that destroyed part of the town&#39;s center. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lakeside Grange is located in the village of Harrison, on the southwest side of Main Street (Maine State Routes 35 and 117), at its junction with Lincoln Street. It is a large rectangular 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboard siding. It is essentially vernacular in style, with ornament limited to the brackets support the hip-roofed hood extending across the front. The first floor has an irregular and asymmetrical arrangement, with a pair of display windows to the left of the off-center entrance, and a single sash window to its right. On the second level there is a centered pair of narrow windows, with sash windows in the outer bays. A Palladian-shaped sign is mounted in the gable. The interior was historically divided into a commercial space in the front, with meeting spaces behind, with a large auditorium space on the second floor. The auditorium has a balcony, and raised stage with backstage area.</p><br>
<p>The Lakeside Grange was organized in 1874, a time when Harrison was a largely agricultural community, and originally met in the towns Odd Fellows hall. It was one of several agriculturally-oriented organizations in the town (including an older Grange chapter in another village), and the chapter folded in the 1890s. It was revived in 1901, and had by 1905 outgrown all of the available community spaces. This hall was built in 1905, providing among other features the towns first performance venue with stage. It served as the town&#39;s primary community venue until the construction of larger spaces (the VFW hall and the Deertrees Theater). In 1907 a conflagration destroyed all of the larger buildings in the town, except for this one. It continues to be used as a community resource.</p><br>
<p>The Tranquility Grange No. 344 is a historic Grange hall on Maine State Route 52  in Lincolnville, Maine. Built in 1908, it exhibits restrained Craftsman styling, and has been a social and civic center of the community since its construction. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Tranquility Grange Hall stands on the south side of Maine State Route 52, about one mile northeast of Lincolnville Center. It stands on a sloping lot, presenting a single story to the street, and a fully exposed basement to the side and rear. It is topped by a hip roof with a front-facing hipped dormer, and its walls are clad in wooden shingles. The front is symmetrical, with a recessed entrance in the center and paired sash windows to either side, each grouping topped by an entablature and shallow cornice. There are narrow corner boards at the building corners, rising to a broad entablature that extends to the sides. The interior of the main floor has an entrance vestibule, cloakroom, and a small kitchen at the front, with the main hall taking up most of the rear. It has a stage at the far end, and has hardwood flooring and wainscoting, with the upper walls and ceiling finished in pressed tin. The downstairs has the dining room, a larger kitchen, and restrooms. Access to the lower level is gained by either stairs beside the stage, or via a secondary entrance on the exposed west side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Grange hall was built in 1908, and was the third built by the organization, which was founded in 1898. The first two halls were both destroyed by fire, and this one was built on the site of the second one. The building has, since its construction, been a civic and social meeting point for the rural community, and played host to its town meetings until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Church in Alton Priors, Wiltshire, England, dates from the 12th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 28 July 1972, and was vested in the Trust on 12 December 1973.</p><br>
<p>The church was built of limestone and malmstone rubble in the 12th century, but has undergone several major refurbishments since. In 1491, landowner John Button bequeathed lead to roof part of the church. In the 18th century the nave, 2 stage west tower and chancel were all replaced.</p><br>
<p>The presence in the floor of the church of trapdoors giving access to Sarsen stones, and the presence of the 1,700-year-old Yew tree in the churchyard, suggest it was a sacred site long before the church was built.</p><br>
<p>The church is no longer used on a regular basis with three services a year being held.</p><br>
<p>The Catalan Pre-Coastal Range  is a system of mountain ranges running parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in Catalonia. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System. Its main axis runs between the Catalan Transversal Range and the Serra de l&#39;Espina, which connects with the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, part of the Iberian System. The highest point is 1.706,7 m at the Montseny Massif.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain ranges</h2><br>
<p>From North to South:</p><br>
<p>Les Guilleries</p><br>
<p>Montseny Massif</p><br>
<p>Sant Llorenç de Munt</p><br>
<p>Montserrat</p><br>
<p>Serra de Queralt, Bellprat</p><br>
<p>Picorandan</p><br>
<p>Serra de Prades</p><br>
<p>Montsant</p><br>
<p>Serra de Llaberia</p><br>
<p>Tivissa-Vandellòs Mountains. Towards the southern end of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range there are certain coastal mountain ranges like los Dedalts, Moles del Taix and Serra de la Mar which —lacking a traditional geographical name as a group— have been recently named as the Tivissa-Vandellòs Mountains (Muntanyes de Tivissa-Vandellòs). These are included in the Pre-Coastal Range owing to the geological continuity with that range despite their direct seaside location in the Coll de Balaguer area.</p><br>
<p>Massís de Cardó</p><br>
<p>Serra de la Vall de la Torre</p><br>
<p>Serra de Cavalls</p><br>
<p>Serra de Pàndols</p><br>
<p>Serra del Montsià. A limestone range located by the coast south of the Ebre river.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The protected areas in the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range are: Parc Natural del Montseny, Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l&#39;Obac, Parc Natural de Montserrat, Parc Natural dels Ports de Tortosa-Beseit and Parc Natural de la Serra de Montsant.</p><br>
<p>St Nicholas&#39;s Church in Berwick Bassett, Wiltshire, England dates from the early 13th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 30 June 1972, and was vested in the Trust on 12 December 1973.</p><br>
<p>The church can only be approached by a pedestrian footpath. The red brick chancel was built between 1199 and 1221, with the nave being added in 14th century and built of sarsen stone. On the south wall is a scratch dial. The interior includes a font from the 13th century and a rood screen from the 15th. The pulpit, altar rail and pews are from the 19th century. There is a trefoiled piscina, which is a shallow basin used for washing the communion vessels. The monuments include four wall tablets including those to Henry Webb, who died in 1776, John Nalder, a 1794 death, and Elizabeth Nalder, dating from 1835.</p><br>
<p>In the 1660s the church was visited by John Aubrey who described the memorials and tombs he saw. In 1857 the church had a major restoration by Thomas Henry Wyatt. This included replacement of the original wooden structure with the current stone tower which contains three bells dating from the 17th century. At this point the walls were rendered and whitewashed. The parish joined with Avebury and Winterbourne Monkton in 1970 and is now part of the benefice of Upper Kennett.</p><br>
<p>Hamlet of Warrensburgh Historic District is a national historic district located at Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. It includes 351 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and five contributing structures. It encompasses the historic commercial core on the north side of the Schroon River and historic industrial core on the south side of the river of the hamlet of Warrensburgh. It includes more high styled residences and notable civic and religious properties on the north side and vernacular residences on the south side. Notable commercial buildings include the Woodward Block , Wills Block , bank building at 138 Main Street , and the former Sturdevans Bakery . Three historic churches within the district are the Church of the Holy Cross , First Methodist Church , and United Presbyterian Church . Civic buildings located within the district are the Richards Library  and Warrensburgh Central School . In addition, the Floyd Bennett Park and Bandstand , named for Warrensburg native Floyd Bennett, is within the district. The St. Cecelias Cemetery and Warrensburgh Cemetery are also within the district boundaries. Located within the district is the separately listed Merrill MaGee House and Warrensburg Mills Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The John B. Russwurm House is an historic house at 238 Ocean Avenue in the Back Cove neighborhood of Portland, Maine. Built about 1810, it was the residence of American abolitionist and Liberian colonist John Brown Russwurm. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Russwurm House is located on the northwest side of Ocean Avenue (Maine State Route 9), between Gleckler and Wellington Roads. It is set back from the road, just south of the Church of the Holy Spirit. It is a typical Federal period 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a five-bay front facade and side gable roof. It is one room deep, and has a center entrance with a modest Greek Revival surround that includes sidelights and pilasters. A single-story ell extends to the rear on the left side, its gabled roof perpendicular to the main roof. The interior has a narrow stair in the entrance vestibule, with a Greek Revival parlor to the left and a Federal period parlor to the right.</p><br>
<p>This house was built about 1810, and was from 1812 to 1827 intermittently the home of John Brown Russwurm (1799-1851). Russwurm, the mixed-blood product of a white owner of a plantation in Jamaica, and a black slave. Educated at Hebron Academy and Bowdoin College (where he was the first African-American to graduate), he was co-editor of Freedom&#39;s Journal, the first newspaper in America owned and published by African-Americans. He was active in abolitionist circles, and was a proponent of the return of blacks to Africa. In 1836 he was chosen to serve as the first black governor of Maryland in Africa, a colony which eventually became part of Liberia. This house is the only known property in the United States associated with his life.</p><br>
<p>St Peter&#39;s Church, in Everleigh, Wiltshire, England was built in 1813 by John Morlidge for F.D. Astley. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building,</p><br>
<p>Everleigh had a parish church by 1228, when it was granted to the Benedictine Wherwell Abbey in Hampshire. The advowson was held by the abbey until the Dissolution of the Monasteries after which is passed to Thomas Wriothesley and his descendants.</p><br>
<p>The church is built of Bath stone. It consists of a nave with the south porch attached, chancel with a south chapel, and a west tower. The tower holds six bells cast by James Wells of Aldbourne.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains the bowl of the Norman font from the old church, on a later base and shaft. There is a large gallery above the west end of the nave, which when it was built held a barrel organ. The organ was replaced by one in the vestry in 1879.</p><br>
<p>The church was declared redundant on 18 April 1974, and was vested in the Trust on 22 October 1975. It is open to visitors every day; the key is held locally.</p><br>
<p>Mouldon Hill Country Park is a country park to the north west of the town centre of Swindon, within the parish of Haydon Wick and close to Thamesdown Drive. It is owned and managed by Swindon Borough Council.</p><br>
<p>The park is named after the small hill within it that rises from the River Ray and peaks at 105 metres above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The park has a number of paths and walkways together with a hidden lake. A section of the North Wilts Canal flows through the park and has been restored by the Wilts & Berks Canal Trust. The River Ray passes through the park, and is home to many species of fish and wildlife.</p><br>
<h3>Heritage railway</h3><br>
<p>The Swindon and Cricklade Railway, a nearby tourist attraction & heritage line, plans to a construct a new railway station within the park as part of their southern extension towards Swindon. It will be named.</p><br>
<p>Serra de Montsant is a mountain chain in Catalonia, Spain. The main populated area in the range is La Morera de Montsant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range. The main peaks are Roca Corbatera (1,163 m), Piló dels Senyalets (1,109 m) and la Cogulla (1,063 m).</p><br>
<p>The Serra de Montsant, meaning Holy Mountain Range is thus named because there were many hermits living in the range in early Medieval times.</p><br>
<p>The Montsant mountain range is currently a protected area, the Serra de Montsant Natural Park.</p><br>
<h2>Local wine</h2><br>
<p>This mountain region is a famous red wine-producing zone; some of the best vineyards are located near the Cartoixa d&#39;Escaladei, a Carthusian Order monastery. It gives its name to the Montsant wine-producing area.</p><br>
<h2>Panorama</h2><br>
<p>The Catalan Coastal Depression, Depressió Litoral Catalana, is a natural depression between the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range and the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Catalan Coastal Depression runs roughly in a NE-SW direction along parts of the following comarques: Empordà, Gironès, Selva, Maresme, Vallès, Barcelonès, Baix Llobregat, Penedès, Tarragonès, Baix Camp and Baix Ebre.</p><br>
<p>The Catalan Coastal Depression is about 300 km long and 20 km wide on average Some of the main Catalan cities are located in this area.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Much of the surface of the Catalan Coastal Depression is subject to severe land degradation, owing maily to urban sprawl.</p><br>
<p>Ladle Hill lies on Great Litchfield Down, near the village of Burghclere and Watership Down, in north Hampshire. It is immediately to the east of Beacon Hill. Part of the hill is a 10.37 hectare biological SSSI, number 1000642, first notified in 1978. It is 232 metres high and has a hillfort and a tumulus on its slopes. The hill is easily accessed from the nearby cross county footpath, Wayfarer&#39;s Walk. The hill falls within the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The hillfort on the top of the hill has never been excavated, but the land and ditch are sharply defined and well preserved. This Iron Age fort is roughly rectangular and enclosed seven acres within an embankment and ditch. There are two probable entrances to the east and west. The work seems to have been undertaken by several different labour forces, each working on a section of the defences, but for some reason the task was abandoned and the fort left unfinished. A 170 ft diameter disc barrow lies just to the north (scheduled ancient monument number 43), and there are several other barrows in the area, mostly ploughed-out.</p><br>
<h3>The unfinished hillfort</h3><br>
<p>Ladle Hill is perhaps the best known of all of the unfinished hillforts in Britain (Feacham 1971). It was first correctly identified as an unfinished hillfort and described in detail by the archaeologist Stuart Piggott in 1931. The site has been invaluable to help archeologists understand the methods employed in the creation of Iron Age date univallate enclosures, with the partially constructed nature of the site revealing features that would normally be concealed in a completed example, such as for possible setting-out ditches, and piles of chalky soil initially quarried from the ditch and deposited in the interior for finishing the rampart.</p><br>
<p>At Ladle Hill it has long been suspected that the area demarcated by the unfinished earthworks never actually contained a settlement, although there is a possibility that the hillfort was to be constructed over an earlier unenclosed settlement. Magnetometer surveys from 1997 shows none of the variation normally associated with former occupation sites on chalk geology, and this would seem to confirm that a settlement with typical Iron Age characteristics, such as storage pits, was never established within the boundary of the earthwork.</p><br>
<p>The earthworks were intended to enclose an area of approximately 3.5 hectare and was marked by a slight ditch, or possibly an earlier palisaded enclosure. Apart from the dumps of material associated with the abandoned construction works, the interior has very few other earthworks of intelligible character.</p><br>
<h3>Surrounding area</h3><br>
<p>By contrast the surrounding areas contain a number of features of interest, including a linear ditch that runs along the crest of the west-facing escarpment of Great Litchfield Down and Ladle Hill, and is approximately 2,000 m in length. It ends at a slight spur overlooking the valley floor barrow cemetery of Seven Barrows. For a kilometer or so of its visible southern course, this earthwork also forms the western boundary of a large field system on Great Litchfield Down. This field system does not extend northwards as far as Ladle Hill.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the east of the unfinished hillfort is another linear ditch, not overlain by the hillfort, which is approximately 700 m in length, finishing at the head of a coombe below Hare Warren Down. To the east of this linear ditch is another large field system, visible both as areas of earthworks and as soil and crop marks on aerial photographs.</p><br>
<p>To the southwest of Ladle Hill are two sub-square earthwork enclosures, each of approximately 0.3 hectare. Both are undated, but a possible link exists between such enclosures, linear ditches, and areas of probable grazing during the time of the late Bronze Age to early Iron Age transition (Cunliffe 1991, pg386). The features surrounding Ladle Hill are beyond the northern limit of the known field system on Great Litchfield Down and west of the fields on Hare Warren Down and Nuthanger Down. The unfinished hillfort therefore appears to be in an atypical Wessex location, being very close to major linear earthwork features, and in an area without an existing field system.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the north of Ladle Hill lies a well preserved disc barrow, some 170 ft in diameter. Just beyond this there is evidence for traces of platforms that may represent the remains of an unenclosed settlement (Piggott 1931). This feature has never been surveyed in detail and although an open settlement is possible it may be that these are features of other disturbance such as localized surface quarrying.</p><br>
<p>Within the northern half of the camp there are traces of a small, low mound, approximately 3 m in diameter, thought to be a disc barrow, but magnetometer surveys did not show any trace of a surrounding ditch. The mound today is hardly discernible, but early aerial photographs of the site (circa 1929) show that the mound was better preserved at the time of Piggott&#39;s original surveys in the first half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Roman features</h3><br>
<p>Sited on the steep west slope of the hill is a Roman earthwork, formed by the erection of a substantial bank on the down hill side of the slope. It may have been a small circus or pond.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The underlying geology at the site is Cretaceous Upper Chalk, supporting shallow well drained calcareous silty soils over chalk on slopes and crests. Typically these landscapes may be described as dramatic, due to their local scale, visual aesthetic and undulating nature. Escarpments are often formed where layers of chalk have been compressed to form a fold, or where the chalk has been faulted, resulting in accelerated erosion along the line of the weakness.</p><br>
<p>Many chalk grassland slopes in England show the mark of centuries of grazing by sheep, the slopes bearing a stepped or striped appearance formed by a mixture of soil creep and sheep paths. Such erosion is clearly visible on the slopes of Ladle Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The flora and fauna on the hill have been recognised to be of particular importance, and is such that the hill was designated as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1978. Ladle Hill typifies a calcareous grassland chalk downland habitat now scarce in Britain, and is home to some unusual and rare species. The earthwork in particular is very rich in species, with a good range of downland grasses and large populations of rare and local plants such as field fleawort, Senecio integrifolius; chalk milkwort, Polygala calcarea; hairy rock-cress, Arabis hirsuta; fragrant orchid, Gymnadenia conopsea; and pyramidal orchid, Anacamptis pyramidalis. The earthwork escarpment slopes, though species-rich, support fewer species than within the fort, but some, notably clustered bellflower, Campanula glomerata, only occur there.</p><br>
<p>The site is also importance for its population of the rare July flowering form of the burnt-tip orchid, Orchis ustulata. This form is morphologically distinct, has a peculiar flowering period, and survives now only on a few sites in Britain.</p><br>
<p>The hill also supports salad burnet, thyme, fairy flax and hairy violet. There is some scattered scrub on the north-facing slope but there does not appear to be on-going encroachment.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, on Great Litchfield Down, to the southeast of the village of Old Burghclere, in the county of Hampshire. The hill has a summit of 232 m AOD just within the civil parish of Litchfield and Woodcott, with the hill also falling within the two other civil parishes of Burghclere, and Ecchinswell, Sydmonton and Bishops Green. Nearby to the west lies Beacon Hill and to the immediate east is Watership Down. Also to the north east lies Old Burghclere Lime Quarry SSSI. The A34 runs between the Ladle Hill and Beacon Hill to the east. The site and surrounding downs are easily accessible by public footpath, including the nearby cross county footpath, Wayfarer&#39;s Walk.</p><br>
<p>Wakamiya Inari Shrine at Waipahu Cultural Garden in Waipahu, Hawaii, is the last surviving example of Inari Shrine architecture on Oahu. Unlike most Shinto shrines, which are unpainted, those dedicated to the fox deity Inari, the god of the harvest, are painted bright red. This shrine thus represents not just the religious heritage of Japanese immigrants to Hawaii, but also their principal early roles as agricultural laborers on sugarcane and pineapple plantations. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 8 January 1980.</p><br>
<p>The simple wood frame building measures 19 by 26 feet, with wooden steps leading up to a raised floor with a balustraded verandah that wraps around the sanctuary. Long eaves of the irimoya (hip-and-gable) roof extend over both the front steps and the verandah. The sanctuary is enclosed by sliding doors with latticework tops and contains an inner altar behind a bell rope and a box for offerings. The building has been carefully restored but still lacks the chigi (forked finials) above the ornamental ridgepole.</p><br>
<p>The shrine was founded by Reverend Yoshio Akizaki, a Shinto priest who had studied in Tokyo in 1912. Originally built in 1914 in Honolulus industrial area of Kakaako by a Japanese architect known only as Haschun, it was relocated in 1918 to 2132 South King Street in Moiliili, the heart of the citys Japanese community. After the death of the founder in 1951, his son Takeo inherited both the property and the priesthood. After Takeo&#39;s death, the property was sold and the shrine was relocated to Waipahu Cultural Garden in 1979 to make way for a sporting goods store.</p><br>
<p>The relocated shrine is in a rural rather than urban setting and the surrounding garden lacks several of its original elements, including its water purification basin (chōzuya or temizuya), its paired stone images of guardian lions and fox deities, and its original torii, although a new torii has been reconstructed at the new site. For its 100th anniversary in 2014, it received a new roof and won a Historic Preservation Honor Award.</p><br>
<p>The Former Machias Valley Grange, No. 360 is a social and civic meeting hall at 1 Elm Street in Machias, Maine. Built in 1907, it features a distinctive design that eliminates support posts in its dining hall and auditorium. Now owned by a local artists&#39; cooperative, it continues to function as a social and civic meeting space. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Machias Grange hall is set on the south side of the Machias River, opposite the town&#39;s downtown area, at the junction of Obrien and Elm Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and concrete foundation. Its main entrance is set at the eastern end of the long side facing Elm Street, under a hip-roofed portico supported by turned posts. The facade facing Obrien Street is distinguished by a deeply overhanging second story, with the overhang supported by large Queen Anne-inspired brackets. There are two pairs of sash windows on each of the main floors on this facade, and a single sash window at the attic level.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance opens into a foyer area that extends along the east side of the building, with stairs leading to the auditorium upstairs, and doors leading to the dining area that occupies most of the downstairs. The kitchen occupies the northeastern corner. The upstairs auditorium has a simple raised platform stage (with no backstage area) at the far end. The dining room ceiling is supported by a combination of heavy wooden timbers, with metal rods oriented laterally to them, eliminating the need for supporting pillars. A similar support system is also used in the ceiling of the auditorium, but it is obscured by a suspended tin ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The Machias Grange was organized in 1903, and met in the towns Pennell Block until it built this structure in 1907. Records of the period have not survived, so the buildings architect is not known. Because of the buildings sizable dining room and kitchen, it quickly became an important local venue for social and fraternal events, dances, and religious services. When the towns last movie theater closed, the Grange also screened films here. With the Granges membership in decline, the building was sold in 2001 to the Beehive Cooperative, an artists cooperative, which has restored the building and continues to offer it as a social and community meeting space.</p><br>
<p>The Monticello Grange No. 338 is a historic civic building on United States Route 1 in the heart of Monticello, Maine. Built in 1922 by the local Grange organization, it served the town for many years as its only performance space, hosting social events, town meetings, and school graduations, and is still used for some of these purposes. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Grange hall is located on the east side of US 1 in the main village of Monticello, just north of School Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, and an exterior sheathed in its original tin siding. The west-facing front facade has a centered entrance, with a asymmetrically placed windows on either side. The second level has one window above the entrance and a second above the left window; there is a single window in the gable end. The interior begins with a small vestibule, with a coat room on the left and stairs to the right. A door leads into a large dining room, with bathrooms to the rear and a kitchen behind the coat room. The second floor houses the lodge hall of the Grange, with the stage at the east end of the hall.</p><br>
<p>Monticellos Grange chapter (the Patrons of Husbandry) was founded in 1899, and its first meeting hall was built that year. That building was destroyed by fire in 1921, and this building was built to replace it the following year. For many years the hall housed a variety of functions, including town offices and town meetings as well as a wide variety of social functions. Because the communitys school had no large meeting space until 1974, graduations and school events were held here. Town offices were moved to an adjacent building in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Hotel is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is currently an apartment building called The Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Davenport Hotel in 1907 ushered in the third phase of hotel construction in the city of Davenport. It replaced the Kimball House as Davenports finest hotel. The other hotels that belong to this era are the Dempsey Hotel (1913), the Hotel Blackhawk (1915) and the Hotel Mississippi in 1931. It was considered the first "modern" hotel in the city, and was touted as one of the finest hotels in the Mississippi River Valley when it opened. It was also the first of Davenports "tall buildings."</p><br>
<p>The Davenport was built a block away from the new Rock Island Railroad station making it convenient for travelers. However, it was undermined by the Dempsey Hotel, which was built next to the station and provided moderately priced rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building remained a hotel into the 1960s, but it eventually became an apartment building. It was extensively renovated in the mid-1980s at a cost of $5.5 million.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport Hotel was designed by a local architecture firm, Temple and Burrows. They were also responsible for the Hotel Blackhawk, the Union Savings Bank and Trust (1924), and the Federal Court House (1932–1933).</p><br>
<p>The building is six-stories in height and was constructed in brick over a steel structure. It most likely has a concrete and brick foundation. The buildings character is defined by its form as its decorative elements are more reserved. The six-story "towers" surround a two-story entrance in the center, which creates a sense of mass and enclosure. The buildings exterior decorative elements were confined to a cornice, which is now gone, and the main entrance. The first floor of the building contains retail space and apartments on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Henry B. Neef House is located just north of the Minne Lusa neighborhood of North Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The Neef House was the first steel-frame house in the area, and was a pioneering construction style in Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1929 by Henry Neef. According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, the concept of the “all-steel house” swept across the nation from Richard Tappan’s Jamaica-Hillside development in New York to Richard Nuetra (sic)’s Lovell Health House in the Hollywood Hills, and even to Omaha, Nebraska, where the Henry B. Neef House stands as the best, and perhaps only, property in Nebraska that is associated with the rise of the “steel house” between 1926 and 1933. While ultimately finding only limited success, there is little doubt that the concept of the steel house played a significant role in how Americans imagined how their future during the boundless optimism of the late 1920s and into the uncertainty of the Great Depression. The strength of steel, used in industrial applications, was unmatched by any other alloy, and some architects and steel companies decided to put into practice what they saw as the next advance in residential architecture, replacing wood, although when put into practice, the steel framework was hidden under brick and stucco veneers and period revival forms. The house was completed in 1929. The house, with a concrete block foundation and brick and stucco walls, still retains excellent historic integrity today.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 2010.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Church in Old Dilton, Wiltshire, England was built in the 14th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 26 April 1973, and was vested in the Trust on 6 September 1974.</p><br>
<p>The church, which is close to the River Biss, consists of a nave, chancel, north chapel north aisle and vestry. It has a west spire.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church was renovated in the 18th century and includes box pews, a three-decker pulpit, and two small galleries. The gallery over the north side of the chancel was used as a schoolroom and has a fireplace. The octagonal stone font is from the 15th century and the Royal Arms of George III can be seen in the chancel.</p><br>
<p>The church has no electricity supply.</p><br>
<p>Conservation work in the 1930s and 1950s, funded by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. The population of Old Dilton declined as residents moved to Dilton Marsh and the church became redundant, however it remains consecrated and the fabric is maintained by the Churches Conservation Trust. Since 2000 further restoration work has tried to resolve issues caused by damp, brown rot, cellar rot and weevils, including the installation of new drains and gutters (for the first time in the churches history. Two services are held at the church each year.</p><br>
<p>St. Katherines Historic District is located on the east side Davenport, Iowa, United States and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the location of two mansions built by two lumber barons until it became the campus of an Episcopal girls school named St. Katharines Hall and later as St. Katharines School. The name was altered to St. Katharine-St. Marks School when it became coeducational. It is currently the location of a senior living facility called St. Katherines Living Center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is a campus of 9.37 acre. At the time of its nomination to the National Register, it was made up of six buildings. Two of the buildings were built as houses, Cambria Place and the Renwick Mansion. The other buildings include a large combination classroom and dormitory building, a chapel, and a combination classroom and gymnasium building. The sixth building was a modern dormitory that was not a contributing property and has subsequently been torn down. The district is located in the southeast corner of the LeClaire Reserve. The landscaped grounds are on the side of a hill overlooking a mixed residential and light industrial area along the Mississippi River to the south. To the east is the Bridge Avenue Historic District, a residential neighborhood dating from the 1870s to the 1910s. The LeClaire Reserve, which is largely made up of residential neighborhoods, is located to the north and west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1883 the Rt. Rev. William Stevens Perry, the second Bishop of Iowa announced his intention to build a school for girls in Davenport. The diocese already operated Griswold College in Davenport. It was founded on the property of the former Iowa College, now known as Grinnell College after it moved to Grinnell, Iowa. The school had been founded in 1859 by the Rt. Rev. Henry Washington Lee, the first Bishop of Iowa. A high school for boys, called Kemper Hall, was created later on the campus in 1885. The school was officially closed in 1899. The college property today is the location of Trinity Episcopal Cathedral and Davenport Central High School.</p><br>
<p>St. Katharines Hall replaced Trinity School for girls, which was located in the parish hall of the cathedral. The diocese was able to consider opening a new school for girls based on the will of Sarah Burr from New York City. She had bequeathed $30,000 for such a purpose. They chose a residence on the east side of Davenport called "Cambria Place," the former home of John L. Davies, for the location of the school that opened in 1884. Adelia Rice was the schools first principal. Its initial enrollment was 25 students. The institution was considered a "superior" church boarding school with a college preparatory curriculum. It also allowed day students from the area to enroll. The school grew quickly and an addition, called St. Mary&#39;s Hall, was built in 1885 and 1886. By its third year there was room for 60 boarding students. While most of the students were Episcopalian, there was no such requirement for admission to the school.</p><br>
<p>The school continued to grow. In 1888 the Richardson Observatory was built. It was said to contain the finest telescope in Iowa. In 1902 the administration of the school was taken over by the Sisters of St. Mary. St. Marys Chapel and a gymnasium were built in 1903 and the neighboring Renwick House was added to the campus in 1909. It was renamed St. Margarets Hall.</p><br>
<p>A former teacher at St. Katharine&#39;s, Marion Crandall, was the first American woman killed in World War I. She had taught French at the school and went to work for the French Canteen. Crandall was killed by an exploding shell in France on March 27, 1918.</p><br>
<p>Major changes came to St. Katharine&#39;s in the second half of the 20th century. The school became co-educational in 1966 and discontinued accepting boarding students in 1968. With the addition of boys, the name of the school was changed to St. Katharine-St. Mark. In 1973 it moved to the Joseph F. Bettendorf House in neighboring Bettendorf, Iowa. The school amicably broke its ties with the Episcopal Church in 1980. In 2000 the name of the school changed to Rivermont Collegiate.</p><br>
<p>When the school moved to Bettendorf, the St. Katharines property was sold and became a nursing home complex. The buildings started to fall into disrepair until they were bought in 1997 by historic property developer Chris Ales, who converted the complex into a senior living center in 2001. The facility was transformed into 38 low-income senior citizen apartments. The Renwick House was renovated by Ales for his companys headquarters, but he was forced to sell the property to Dr. Joseph Seng in 2007. It was turned into a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>Mass Mound</h2><br>
<p>There is a legend in the city of Davenport that it will be spared from destruction by a tornado because of the Mass Mound. In 1835 after a period of intense storms a Jesuit missionary, the Rev. Charles Van Quickenborne, SJ, led the first Christian service in what would become the city of Davenport. He erected a crucifix made from native black walnut on a crude altar placed on top of what he called a Mass Mound. It was located on the side of the hill on the St. Katharine&#39;s property. He gathered both the white settlers and the Native Americans in the region regardless of their faith and celebrated Mass for a week. On the last day, he held Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and blessed the area to preserve it from storms and tornadoes.</p><br>
<p>The early settlers in Davenport considered the spot a sacred place. Rev. J.A.M. Pelamourges, the first pastor of St. Anthonys Church in Davenport regularly meditated at the site and was known to spend the night in prayer there before the cross before major decisions or when problems arose. Eventually, the crucifix fell apart and was taken away. In time lumber baron John L. Davies built his home on the property before the Diocese of Iowa bought the property for St. Katharines.</p><br>
<p>A fire erupted at several lumber mills on July 24, 1901 in the Village of East Davenport. It destroyed 20 acre of land, 250 people were left homeless and businesses suffered $1.25 million in losses. When the fire got to St. Katharine&#39;s the wind shifted towards the river. The Mass Mound was credited for sparing the rest of the city.</p><br>
<p>A shrine was erected in 1928 at the Mass Mound site to the southwest of where the main building is located. It was blessed by the Rt. Rev. Theodore N. Morrison, the third Bishop of Iowa. An altar dedicated to St. Joseph was blessed by Dean Philbrook of Trinity Cathedral on April 29, 1931. The altar was moved to Bettendorf when St. Katharine-St. Mark&#39;s School relocated to the Bettendorf Mansion.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Both Cambria Place and the Renwick Mansion were designed by John C. Cochrane, who was one of Davenport&#39;s first professional architects. His most famous work was the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines. Both houses were built in the Italian Villa style, which Cochrane introduced to Davenport. The additions were designed by Davenport architect Edward S. Hammatt, who also designed several other buildings for the Diocese of Iowa, including Kemper Hall. The additions were designed to match Cambria Place.</p><br>
<h3>Cambria Place</h3><br>
<p>The principal significance of this building comes from its association with lumber baron John L. Davies. Davies moved to Davenport in 1841. After ten years he entered a partnership in a planning mill with B. F. Coates. In 1859 he bought the Cannon and French Sawmill with George H. French as his partner. He continued to expand his lumber interests in Wisconsin and Iowa. Politically, Davies belonged to the Republican Party and was an ardent abolitionist. He had Cambria Place built in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Cambria Place is an eclectic version of the Italian Villa and exemplifies the extravagant Late Victorian architecture found in Davenport. It is a 2½-story structure that features asymmetrical massing and an entrance tower. The house was constructed of red brick, with a hipped roof covered in slate, ornamented eve brackets, decorative gabled dormers and different window shapes. The dormers and gable ends feature round arch windows while the windows on the first floor have wide, nearly flush stone lintels of irregular shapes. On the west side of the house are two full height, projecting polygonal bays. The brick porch and the bay window to the right were added in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Renwick Mansion</h3><br>
<p>The Renwick Mansion is significant by its association with another lumber baron, William Renwick. He also moved to Davenport in the 1840s. He began his working career in 1850 when he joined his father in the grain commission business. They entered a partnership to manufacture lumber under the name Renwick & Son in 1852. By the end of the decade, William continued the business as a sole proprietor named Renwick & Company. He entered into a partnership in 1875 with George S. Shaw and Edward S. Crosset, and they operated the lumber manufacturing firm of Renwick, Shaw & Crossett. In terms of production and workforce, it was the third largest mill in the city. Around 1884 they sold the business to Friedrich Weyerhäuser and his partner Frederick Denkmann. The mill buildings were destroyed in the 1901 East Davenport fire. Renwick is associated with two other structures on the National Register in Davenport, his previous home Renwick House (1867) and the Renwick Building (1897).</p><br>
<p>Renwick had this house built by T. W. McClelland in 1877. H.G. Bramlich designed the landscaping. It is considered the finest example of the Italian Villa style in the city. The two-story house features a tripartite, symmetrical facade that is clad in rock-faced limestone. Projecting polygonal bays flank the main entrance and a columned porch. The entrance itself is in a large three-story entry tower with ornate iron cresting. In the frieze of the cornice are small rectangular windows in groups of three at the front. It is capped with a hipped roof and ornate iron cresting. The interior features 12 ft to 14 ft high wood parlor doors, eight fireplaces and a three-story staircase.</p><br>
<h3>Classroom/Dormitory</h3><br>
<p>The Classroom/Dormitory building, also known as St. Mary&#39;s Hall, was built as an addition to Cambria Place from 1884 to 1885. It is a two-story, rectangular plan structure built on a high basement. Designed in a late Victorian Eclectic style, it is capped with a high hipped mansard roof. It features large gabled wall dormers and small wood roof dormers. Round arch windows are found in the roof dormers below a pediment. Both the wall and the roof dormers have gable roofs that are flared at the eaves. The cornice is broad and it is decorated with large fan-shaped wooden brackets.</p><br>
<h3>Classroom/Gymnasium</h3><br>
<p>The Classroom/Gymnasium addition was added onto St. Mary&#39;s Hall from 1902 to 1903. It is a three-story brick structure that follows a largely rectangular plan and it is capped by a hipped roof. The lower half of the wall buttresses are faced with concrete. This addition is much plainer than the rest of the facility and it suggests the move from the picturesque forms of the late 19th century to a more utilitarian form. The triangular-headed windows suggest the Gothic Revival style. Large brick wall buttresses divide the length of the building into five bays. The gymnasium was located on the third floor and is indicated on the exterior by the tall windows. A two-story addition was built later onto the north side.</p><br>
<h3>St. Mary's Chapel</h3><br>
<p>St. Marys Chapel was added at the same time as the Classroom/Gymnasium addition. It too was designed in the late Gothic Revival style. Constructed in brick, the chapel features a square bell tower on the south side that is crenelated at the top. The bargeboards are flared at the gable ends. The chapel is five bays in length and divided by buttresses. The nave is indicated by lancet windows. It is connected to St. Marys Hall by a hyphen.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Hospital was a former hospital building located on a bluff overlooking downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties and on the National Register of Historic Places. It has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1892 the Rt. Rev. William Stevens Perry, the second Bishop of Iowa proposed the establishment of a hospital in Davenport. The diocese had previously started hospitals in Des Moines (1878) and in Cedar Rapids (1884). Funding for the new hospital in Davenport came from money left in an account for the defunct Iowa Christian Home, which amounted to $10,176.45. With the money the Trustees of the Iowa Christian Home purchased the Daniel Newcomb residence on Eighth Street. A 20-bed hospital was created after spending $1,600 to remodel the house.</p><br>
<p>Of the 22-member Board of Managers for the hospital, 13 members were women, with Mrs. Walter Chambers serving as its first president.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke’s was the city’s second hospital after Mercy Hospital, which was founded by the Sisters of Mercy of the Catholic Church in 1869. St. Luke’s was meant as an emergency facility to complement Mercy, which was a long-term care faculty. The operating room for the hospital was on the second floor. The day’s weather determined if surgery would be held on any given day. If it was sunny there was enough light and surgery would proceed. If it was overcast, surgery had to be postponed. Doctors and nurses did not wear surgical masks and a relative of the patient was allowed into the room during surgery in street clothes.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Training School for Nurses was begun at the hospital on August 27, 1895, and changed its name to St. Luke’s Hospital Training School two years later. In 1903 the hospital added space for an additional 50 patients as well as modern operating rooms. By 1909 the hospital was treating 356 patients. Changes in the operating rooms included doctors and nurse wearing surgical gowns, gloves and the instruments were sterilized. The fee for major surgery had doubled to $10 from the 1895 rate.</p><br>
<p>The hospital became a charter member of the American Hospital Association in 1918. It also expanded the same year by building a new facility at Bridge and High Streets. The Eighth Street location was abandoned when the new hospital opened in December 1919. The old building was converted to apartments. Major expansions occurred at the hospital in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s. St. Luke’s worked toward consolidating with Mercy Hospital in 1975 and 1976, but in the end, they remained separate. Finally, in 1993 it was decided to merge the two hospitals. On May 24, 1994 Genesis Health System was created.</p><br>
<p>This building remained an apartment building, with 28 units, into the 21st century. It was acquired by Palmer College of Chiropractic and torn down in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Daniel Newcomb House, which became St. Luke’s Hospital, was built in the Italianate style in 1850. It is built of red brick with a shallow hipped roof, bracketed eaves and a belvedere on the top of the roof. The 1903 addition was built to complement the older building. The pitch of the roof, however, is steeper and it includes dormers at various points. It is also a little simpler in design without the bracketed eaves. The T-plan wing nearly tripled the available floor space, and at the same time the house</p><br>
<p>probably lost many of its notable exterior features.</p><br>
<p>Grimsbury Castle is an Iron Age "multiple enclosure" Hill Fort comprising a large circular encampment situated on a high hill. It is situated within Grimsbury Wood to the between Cold Ash and Hermitage, in the county of Berkshire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site benefits from a natural spring which reportedly has never been known to run dry. The entrenchment would appear to have been extended on the south side of the hill for the purpose of enclosing this spring. This rampart appears to have had only two entrances, one on the north and the other on the south side; just within the entrenchment, at the entrance on the north, is a small tumulus, which may have been constructed as a mount for observation or defense, or for the purpose of interment.</p><br>
<p>The name shows that the later Saxon settlers in the region found the earthworks so impressive that they thought they must have been built by the chief of their gods, Woden alias Grim.</p><br>
<p>The site lies at an elevation of 155m AOD. There is an 18th-century folly on the site, also known as Grimsbury Castle.</p><br>
<p>Today the site is crossed by a small, single-track roadway.</p><br>
